無論在學習或是工作中，我們經常接觸到試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。一份什麼樣的試題才能稱之為好試題呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的專四英語考試閱讀理解練習題，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
專四英語考試閱讀理解練習題1
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a
National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.
1. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.
d have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
d have to submit evidence for their innocence
d easily escape conviction of guilt
be convicted of guilt as well
2. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.
methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate
different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern
C.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals
different individuals leave two DNA samples.
3. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.
not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals
arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.
not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics
theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying
4. The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.
gh data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members
gh data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match
gh data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same person
tional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person
5. onal Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.
testing should be systematized
authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing
academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing
academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing
答案： CBABB
專四英語考試閱讀理解練習題2
(1)Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.
(1)對移入美國的移民來說，生活可能會很艱辛。正如亞特蘭大羅馬尼亞銀行的一位職員所說，為找到好的工作，“你必須像森林中的蒼狼一般，嗅到最大最可口的那塊肉。”相反，如果找不到工作，那就別指望納稅人能幫襯你脫離貧苦的日子了。與在一些歐洲國家不同，在美國，四肢健全的移民想要依靠國家生活，比登天還難。一項於1996年通過的法律明令禁止了大多數移民者——甚至包括有合法身份的移民——取得幾乎任何聯邦福利。
(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than may other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of welfare state in each country.
(2)加州大學的一項新研究表明，這便是美國所吸納的移民比其他富裕國家質量還要高的原因之一。該研究中，研究員們設法測定了20個國家中移民對本國居民的影響，考慮到的因素包括了移民與本國居民的技能差異、勞動力市場尚不完善的現狀、各國福利制度的規模等等。
(3)Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.
(3)研究結果為“更開放邊境”的支持者提供了有利證據。在這20個國家中，有19個國家的研究者都測算出瞭如下結論：對外國務工者徹底完全關閉邊境的做法，將會讓本國居民的境況更拮据；而這樣做對移民的影響則更不必說了：如若允許他們跨越邊境來務工，顯然他們將是最大的受益者，得到的好處遠超其他任何人。
(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.
(4)該研究還顯示，大多數國家還可接受比現在更多的移民。在美國，移民在總人口中的佔比提高了一個百分點，這讓美國本土居民的生活處境好了0.05%。然而，由於當地過於慷慨或錯誤設計的福利制度，與此相反的情況在一些國家也是存在的：在奧地利、比利時、德國、盧森堡、荷蘭、瑞典和瑞士，移民佔比每提高1%，本國居民的處境就會略微惡化一些。在比利時，失業的移民可獲得將約等於其最近薪資三分之二的國家福利金，這無疑讓失業者覺得找到新工作這件事變得不那麼迫在眉睫。
(5)None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.
(5)但是這項研究動搖了“移民從本國居民那裡‘偷’來工作或拉低他們薪資”這樣的說法。研究顯示，很多移民在做本土美國人不願做的工作。這使得勞動力市場更“平整”——最終可以為當地居民創造更多就業崗位。本地人經營的食品雜貨店之所以生意更好，恰是因為有移民來幫他們採摘要出售的水果。來自印度的計算機科學家來幫美國軟體供公司擴張……一項之前的研究還發現，在技能水平相近的.情況下，移民往往比本國居民賺的要少，而且他們提高了企業利潤，推動了企業發展，讓企業得以僱用更多的當地居民。
Source:The Economist (Jul 12th 2014): Immigration: They Can’t Imagine Not Working.
41. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve local’s life mainly because of _______.
A. inadequate skills of immigrants
B. imperfect labor markets
C. low wages for locals
D. the design of the welfare system
【解析】選D。根據第4段第3、4句，這是因為“當地過於慷慨或錯誤設計的福利制度”。
42. Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?
A. People who have legal status.
B. People who run businesses.
C. People who receive state benefits.
D. People who are willing to earn less.
【解析】選B，有爭議。我認為選B是根據最後一段，列舉了移民對企業主的好處，即提高企業利潤，促進企業發展。企業主一看，搜嘎，原來僱用移民對我好處那麼多呀，促進企業發展，還不用給他們付很多錢，所以會支援研究結果。A的話我覺得這項研究的結果是對移民有利的，尤其是非法移民，所以我感覺已經合法了的就不要那麼開心了吧……C的話領福利的人太多，也不只是移民，而且如果企業因此願意僱移民了，他們的福利會不會削弱？而D的話，傻子才willing to earn less。這個世界上除了認為996是修福報的傑克馬自稱願意earn less，你再給我找第二個willing to earn less的人？
43. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is _______ towards immigration.
A. cautiously favorable
B. slightly negative
C. strongly negative
D. quite ambiguous
【解析】選A。最後一段中，作者指出，根據這項研究，移民對於移入國總體是利大於弊的，可推斷出作者贊同移民的。而第4段作者指出，在福利制度不當的國家，移民可能會帶來負面影響，因此他的措辭是比較謹慎。所以說是cautiously favorable。
51. What does the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” Mean? (Para.1)
【解析】You can’t get state benefits from tax paid by taxpayers.（言之有理即可）
原句中，taxpayer是納稅人，bail out是保釋某人、使某人擺脫（困境等）境況，如The government had to bail the company out of financial difficulty.所以，原句字面意思是你別指望納稅人能幫你脫離困境，隱含的邏輯是福利或社會保障金來自於納銳人交的稅款。所以，其實就是說你無法得到從納稅人稅款中撥出來的社會福利金了。
【高階表達】
Live off sb 依靠某人生活
Bar sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
Bail sb out 保釋某人、使某人擺脫（困境等）境況
Seek to 試圖，設法，尋求
Welfare state （法）福利制度
Ammunition （辯論中可攻擊對方的）資訊，事實，炮彈
