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定語從句的翻譯技巧

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定語從句的翻譯技巧:簡單定語從句的翻譯技巧:

定語從句的翻譯技巧

所謂簡單的定語從句,是指一個句子只含一個定語從句的結構。這類定語從句,不論是限制性的還是非限制笥的,在結構上與先行詞的'關係比較簡單,翻譯時多譯成定語,也可譯成並列句、狀語從句或獨立句等;這種定語從句還可譯成句子成分,即和先行詞放在一起翻譯,它有如下幾種情況:

1.譯成主句把先行詞譯成定語,而把定語從句譯成主句:

In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.

巴爾幹半島北部的保加利亞人,一直是帝國的威脅,1014年,巴西耳二世在巴爾幹半島北部取得決定性勝利,從此被稱為屠殺保加利亞人的劊子手。

2. 譯成謂語 把先行詞或主句譯成主語,把定語從句譯成謂語或動賓結構:

In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.

在東部,查士丁尼統治時期,波斯人因**曾與拜佔廷媾和;現在,他們在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯羅埃斯二世的率領下,開始全面消滅東羅馬帝國。(謂語)

定語從句的翻譯技巧:複雜定語從句的翻譯技巧

一主二僕式定語從句是指一個先行詞帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的情況。該結構中的定語從句比較規範,均修飾一個先行詞,在翻譯時,雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法,但還有其獨特的地方。歸納起來,有如下幾種情況:

1)譯成定語 可以把兩個定語從句譯成並列的定語,也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞,或分別修飾重複的先行詞。

and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

古老的謀生之道正受到新的農業技術、新的貿易、新的行業的挑戰;這種新貿易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區進行的貿易,而種種新行業則是使用一些無需傳統的人力畜力驅動、可節省勞動力的奇特機遇。(並列的定語)

Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.

近代史開始時,世界擁有的每一項重大成就,已為歷史發端期的人們所知曉。(分開的定語)

And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.