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英語語法:定語從句中的關係代詞

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定語從句中關係代詞的選用主要由先行詞決定。關係代詞一般有that , which。以下是小編帶來關係代詞的相關內容,希望對你有幫助。

英語語法:定語從句中的關係代詞

  【語法】

(1) 關係代詞who,whom,whose,that,which,as的用法

英語中的關係代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as,它們是用來引導定語從句的。關係代詞既代表定語從句所修飾的詞,又在其所引導的從句中承擔一個成分, 如主語、賓語、表語或定語。如:

This is the man who saved your son.

這就是救了你兒子的.那個人。(who在從句中作主語,先行詞是man)

The man whom I met yesterday is Jim.

我昨天見到的那個人是吉姆。(whom在從句中作賓語,它的先行詞是man)

He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.

他想要個窗戶面臨大海的房間。(whose在從句中作定語,它的先行詞是room)

I walked to the gate that opened towards the lake.

我走向那扇臨湖的大門。(that在從句中作主語,它的先行詞是gate)

This is the pen which he bought yesterday.(which在從句中作賓語,它的先行詞是pen,可省略)

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

眾所周知,月球每個月繞地球轉一週。(as在從句中作主語,指代主句)

(2)關係代詞who,whom,whose的區別

a) who和whom均只用於指人,不用於指事或物,其中who在定語從句中用作主語,whom在定語從句中用作賓語。Who有時可代替whom作賓語,但在介詞後面一定要用whom作介詞的賓語。如:

She said she huffed the persons who flattered her.

她說她看不起那些拍她馬屁的人。

The man who / whom you met just now is called Jim.

你剛遇見的那個人叫吉姆。

She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

她帶了3個朋友來,我以前都沒見過。

b)關係代詞whose既可用於指人,也可用於指事或物,它在定語從句中主要用作定語。如:

This is the woman whose name is known all over the country.

這個是一個名字被整個國家所熟知的女科學家。

  練習題

1、關係代詞who的用法:who“誰”,用來表示人,在定語從句中作主語。這裡的who一般可以用that來替換。

【例1】Jack, there is someone in the office_____ would like to speak with you.

A. who B. which C. whom

【研習】先行詞是“someone”表示人,所填的關係代詞在定語從句中作主語,所以排除B和C選項。故選擇A。這裡的who可以用that來替換。

2、關係代詞that的用法:that 的具體意思由先行詞的意思決定,它可以表示人,也可以表示物。作主語表示人時,that和who一般可以互換;作賓語表示人時,that和 whom一般可以互換;作主語、賓語表示物時,that 和which一般可以互換,而且都可以省略。

【例2】The scientist and his achievements________you told me about are admired by us all .

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

【研習】先行詞是“the scientist and his achievements”,表示人和物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語只用that。故選擇A。

【例3】The boy _______I talked with just now is my best friend .

A. which B. that C. whose D. where

【研習】先行詞是“the boy”,表示人作賓語,答案A是物,答案C和D分別作定語和狀語,故選擇B。這裡的that可以用whom來替換(可以省略)。

【例4】The book _______he bought yesterday is very interesting .

A . 不填B. why C. when D. what

【研習】先行詞是“the book”,表示物,關係代詞作定語從句的賓語;答案B和C作狀語,D不能引導定語從句。故選擇A。