對於學生來說，英語最難學的就是語法知識。要學好英語語法，首先就要了解最基礎的語法規則有哪些。下面是本站小編為大家整理的英語基礎語法知識歸納，希望對大家有用!
一、過去完成進行時
1.概念：表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態，持續到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續到之後的當前才結束。
2.基本結構：主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個訊息有一段時間了吧?
4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它) ③未得結果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解) ④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反覆動作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
⑥情緒：What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)
二、 將來完成進行時
1.概念：表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去，要視上下文而定。
2.基本結構：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。
英語重要語法知識介 詞
一、介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。介詞之後一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)..或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構成的短語介詞,
如：out of(從…中出來)because of(因為)away from(距離…),
on top of(在…頂上)ever since(自從…)next to(在…隔壁),
according to(根據…) in front of(在…前方)等。
二、介詞短語的句法作用：
介詞短語相當於一個形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。
如：The man came .(狀)(那個人走下樓來)
The woman is from the countryside.
(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉下)
The teacher is now with the pupils.
(表)(老師現在和學生在一起)
三、介詞短語在句子中的位置：
介詞短語做狀語時,如果表示時間/地點,可以放在句首或句尾,
如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾;
介詞短語作表語時放在連繫動詞之後;
介詞短語作定語時,只能放在被修飾的名詞之後。
如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.
(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他們在房間裡搜尋小偷)
The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的`)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?
(定語)(你看見一隻黑頭白腿的貓了嗎?)
英語語法知識要點一、主語
1、名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是“誰”發出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。)
They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。)
To see is to believe.(耳聽為虛眼見為實).
Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
2、動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.
(在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)
3、口語中常見主語或“主--系”省略： (It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。) (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)沒有關係。) (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
4、反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：
The man looks worried,doesn’the? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?)
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)
5、祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
6、主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。
如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。)
Where are they? (他們在哪兒?)
Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎?)
7、主語與謂語必須保持單、複數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。
Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。)
The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.
(中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
