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八級英語應試翻譯指點

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 1. 得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道。

八級英語應試翻譯指點

學生譯文(以下簡稱“學譯”):Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.

學譯:Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.

參考譯文:Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.

我們知道,漢語表達大多為“意合”結構,結構鬆散,以一個一個看似並列的短句“拼湊而成,彼此邏輯關係不明顯;但英語則不同於漢語,它是形合語言,非常講究句子內部的邏輯關係的”外化“,所謂”外化“,即,使用Connectives來表現其邏輯關係。我國譯界有一個著名比喻:漢語句子的結構像”竹竿“,是一節接一節的;而英語句子則像”葡萄“,主幹很短,而”掛“在上面的'附加成分則很多。可以說,漢譯英的過程,是一個由”竹竿“向”葡萄“轉換的過程。首先要確定”一節接一節“的漢語句子,選其中的哪一節為英句的”(葡萄)主幹“。

上面的漢語原句就含有一定的邏輯關係。“受父母寵愛”是因,而“在家中橫行霸道”則是果。“果”應是全句的重心,英譯上句,“(葡萄)主幹”當選定“在家中橫行霸道”而非學生譯文所選的“我受父母寵愛”。

 2. 一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子裡,我頓感打入冷宮,十分鬱郁不得志起來。

學譯: When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned, getting more and more depressed.

學譯: As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in the garden, I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo, gloomily and disappointedly.

參考譯文:Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace,? I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.

漢語原句有“四節”,哪一部分應該成為英句之“主幹”?“我頓感打入冷宮”,還是“十分鬱郁不得志起來”?學譯都把“我頓感打入冷宮”處理為“主幹”,而參考譯文則反其道而行之。細細分析,“十分鬱郁不得志起來”和“我頓感打入冷宮”,兩者也有主次關係。顯然,“十分鬱郁不得志起來”為主,“我頓感打入冷宮”為次。兩者之間,不僅存在時間先後的順序,而且還存在著邏輯上的“因果”。因此,參考譯文處理得當。另一個值得參考之處在於:“主幹” (I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration)的前後均有附加成分,句子顯出“平衡美”。

 3. 一個春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設宴,一時賓客雲集,笑語四溢。

學譯: At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests were gathering, laughters could be heard everywhere.

學譯:On a spring evening,? hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while, guests gathered in large number, laughing and talking, which could be heard clearly.

參考譯文:On a spring evening,? my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.

漢語原句的“節數”增加到“五節”。譯成英語,仍應確定正確的“主幹”,兩個“學譯”不謀而合,將“園中百花怒放”, 而不是“父母在園中設宴”作為“主幹”來處理。讀來,給人一種觀比薩斜塔的感覺。相比之下,參考譯文則給人一種美感,散發出濃郁的英語味?