1、定語從句的概念：
在複合句中，用來修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之後，對先行詞起修飾限定作用。
e.g. He is the man who I want to see.
先行詞 關係詞 定語從句
2. 定語從句的引導詞：
定語從句的引導詞有關係代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)和關係副詞where, when, why兩種，關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯絡作用，同時又在定語從句中充當一定成分。
3. 關係代詞引導的定語從句：
① 如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關係代詞應用who (whom, whose) 和that。
e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語)
這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王。
The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在從句中作賓語)
上週你看見的那個人已離開了城鎮。
I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在從句中作定語)
我認識的那個婦女，她的丈夫是個醫生。
② 如果先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞時，則用which或that。
e.g. Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在從句子中作主語)
The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在從句中作賓語)
媽媽做的月餅很好吃。
4. 關係代詞引導定語從句應該注意的幾個方面：
① 關係代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞用單數還是複數應由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.
住在樓下的那個人英語說得很好。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3年級的學生明天去爬山。
② 當關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，往往可以省略。
e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
這是那本你正在找的書。
There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有幾部電影我想去看。
③ 口語中作為賓語的關係代詞whom也可用who，且也可以省略。
e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.
你們剛才在談論的那個人已經來到我們學校。
④ 關係代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前）
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e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.
→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
我借書的那個人是李雷。
The house (which) he lives in is quite large.
→ The house in which he lives is quite large.
他住的房子很大。
應注意，如果介詞位於關係代詞之前，關係代詞不可省略，另外，若定語從句中謂語動詞是固定搭配的片語，則其後的介詞或副詞不可前移至關係代詞之前。
e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在尋找的那本詞典在桌子上。
The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顧的病人是她父親。
5. 關係代詞只能用that的幾種情況：(只作瞭解)
① 當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, none, the one (something除外) 等不定代詞時。
e.g. I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必須記住老師教給我的一切知識。
② 先行詞被序數詞或the last修飾時。
e.g. He was the first student that got to school today. 他是今天第一個到學校的學生。
③ 先行詞是或被all, no, some, any, little, much, few等修飾時。
e.g. I have done all that he told us to do. 我已完成了他讓我做的一切。
④ 先行詞被形容詞最高階修飾時。
e.g. He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他解答出我所見過最難的題目。
⑤ 先行詞被the very, the only, the same修飾時。
e.g. I need the same dictionary that you have. 我需要同你一樣的字典。
⑥ 先行詞是兩個或多個分別表示人和物的名詞時
e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard.
他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過的有趣的人和事。
⑦ 主句是以who, which引導的特殊疑問句時
e.g. Who is the man that you spoke to just now? 你剛才跟他說話的那個人是誰？
6. 定語從句可以簡化成短語。
① 定語從句為被動結構，可用過去分詞短語簡化。
e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. → I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
我買了一本魯迅寫的書。
② 若為主動結構，且為進行時態或從句表示經常性的動作和狀態時，可用現在分詞短語簡化。
e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. → Tell the children playing there not to do that.
The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. → The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.
③ 當從句中的謂語動詞表示一個將要發生的.動作或具有某種情態意義時，可簡化為動詞不定式。
e.g. We have nothing that we should fear. → We have nothing to fear. 我們沒有什麼事情可以害怕。
④ 當從句的謂語動詞後是介詞短語時，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。
e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. → The book on the table is expensive.
7.關係副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)
[注意]
一、定語從句是複合句的重要組成部分。在定語從句中不管出現什麼情況，主句的結構必須完整。試比較：
1. Is this farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
2. Is this the farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
A. which B. the one C. where D. what
簡析：第1題中主句缺少表語，只有B項才能保持主句的完整性。故選B。第2 題的主句本身已完整，應填關係代詞作定語從句中及物動詞visit 的賓語。所以，正確答案是A。
二、在定語從句中，關係代詞或關係副詞已經代替先行詞在定語從句中充當了某一成分，因此，定語從句中不能再出現與關係代詞或關係副詞相重疊的成分。例如：
改錯： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?
簡析：該題中的that 指代先行詞book，在定語從句中充當了動詞 lend 的邏輯賓語，故 it 應該刪除。
三、解題時，首先要結合選項對題幹進行整體感知，確定定語從句的位置；根據定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行詞邏輯上在定語從句中的成分，繼而選出正確的選項。例如：
Can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
簡析：本題定語從句的主語、謂語、時間狀語已具備，而visit 是個及物動詞，從語義上分析，factory 作visit 的賓語。故只能選C (引導詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略）。
四、解答"介詞+關係代詞 "型別的定語從句題時，關鍵在於分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞是不及物動詞）習慣上常與什麼介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學們在平時學習時要注重某些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，並要靈活運用。例如：
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
簡析:本題定語從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構成固定短語"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，D是正確選項。
定語從句練習
h the girl and her dog ________ are crossing the bridge.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
________know him would believe him?
A. whom B C. which D. who
h of the two cows_____ you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone___ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
5.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. of whose
building ____ windows are bright at night is our school library.
A. that B. which C. whose D. of whose
7.I have heard from my father,______ is in America .
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
e is a mountain ___ the top is always covered with snow.
A. of that B. of which C. its D. that
9.I will hire the man ____ they say is a good English speaker.
B. that C which D. whom
the way I saw a student ____ I thought was your brother.
B. who C. that D. he
11.I can still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
B. which C. that D. where
12.I know the place ____ we can have a quiet talk.
h B. where C. wherever D. it
re,_____ gives supplies of food to every creature, is great.
A. who B. that C. whose
d you please put the box ___ it belongs
whom B. to which C into which D. where
may take ____ book you like.
h B. only C. whichever
a is the birth place of kites,-___ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
that here C. from there which
has to work on Sundays,____ he does not like.
A. and which h C. and when
18. Is this museum ___ some German friends visited the day before yesterday.
h e one
was the only one __ I had visited.
h B. that
20The doctor will speak to ___ comes in first
ver ever hever ever
se ___ you think is good .
h
22.I gave him a warning,____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which that D. to which
dictionary, the few pages_____ are missing,is of fno use.
g which which which which
this prize to _____ composition is thought excellent.
ver B. whosever C. whomever ever
is a very boy____ parents were killed in the war.
B. that C. whose D whom
is one of the few girls who______ passed the examination.
B. were C. has D. have
teacher _______ is at that desk over there.
should talk to B. you are talked to
C. whom you are talking D. whom you are talked to
the dark street, there was not a single person_____she could turn for help.
B. who C. from whom D. to whom
______ has common sense can believe such a superstition(
B. which C. but D. that
30That is the town ______ he was born.
h B. where C. when D. why..
31That is the town ______ he was born.
h B. where C. when D. why
