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Inventor of LED
When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.
On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.
"Anytime you get an award, big or little, it's always a surprise," Holonyak said.
Holonyak,75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s.
After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches.
Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.
Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn't realize how many uses they would have.
"You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important, you think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know," he said.
The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen,75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves". That can separate molecules by size.
nyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
nyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
nyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
nyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
nyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
h Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
參考答案：
1.A。題幹：當Holonyak開始研究時，他的同事們曾認為他的有關LEDs的研究將會失敗。利用題幹關鍵詞Holonyak和colleagues等可以定位到第一段第一句，該旬說：“When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys，his colleagues thought he was unrealistic.”可知他的同事認為他是不現實的，所以題干與原文意義吻合，故選A。
2.C。題幹：Holonyak認為和他一起進行這個專案的學生遲早會獲得獎。利用題幹關鍵詞進行定位，發現通篇文章沒有提到Holonyak相信他的學生將獲得 Prize這件事，故答案為C。
3.B。題幹：Holonyak於19世紀50年代早期發明了電晶體。利用題幹關鍵詞1950s可以定位到第四段，可知發明電晶體的是Holonyak的老師John Bardeen，不是Holonyak本人，所以答案為B。
4.A。題幹：Holonyak認為LED在未來會變得很常見。利用題目順序與段落順序一致的原則和題幹關鍵詞LED可以定位到第六段的'句子“…he suspected that LEDs would become ascommonplace as they are today…”，commonplace與popular的意思相近，故選A。
5.C。題幹：Holonyak認為你不要去做任何你不感興趣的事情。利用題幹關鍵詞interestedin，發現通篇文章沒有提到“不要做你不感興趣的事”，故答案為C。
6.C。題幹：Edith Flanigen是LED的唯一合作發明者。利用題幹關鍵詞Edith Flanigen和co-inventor進行定位，發現通篇文章沒有提到Edith Flanigen是Holonyak發明LEDs的合作者，更不要說是唯一的合作者，所以答案為C。
7.B。題幹：Lemelson-MIT Prize已經有100多年的歷史。利用題幹關鍵詞Lemelson-MITPrize可以定位到第二段，該段提到，2004年是the Prize成立10週年，按此推算，the Lemelson-MIT Prize是在1994年設立的，所以答案為B。
