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Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures in question1 may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp____1____ in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than2 celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental____2____. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the____3____. It is also causing serious public health problems____4____ the Indian sub-continent.3
While4 their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have____5____ played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is____6____ they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are____7____ left in the open6 when they die in their thousands upon thousands5 every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has____8____ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may____9____ as a result7. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the____10____.
The need for action is____11____, so an emergency project has been launched to____12____ a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture____13____ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined____14____ over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”8. As most vultures lay only single eggs and____15____ about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.
詞彙：
vulture / 'v?lt?? / n.禿鷹
species / 'spi??i?z / n.物種，種類
disruption / d?s'r?p??n / n.破壞，毀壞
rabies / 're?bi?z / n.狂犬症
ultimately / '?lt?m?tl? / adv.最終地
endanger / ?n'de?nd?? / v.危及，瀕危
maturity / m?'tj??r?t? / n.成熟期
註釋：
vulture in question：討論中的秀鷹(問題)。in question意為“討論中的，考慮中的”。
er than：而不是。例：Your proposal is positive rather than negative.(你的提議是積極的，而不是消極的。)
Indian sub-continent：印度次大陸
e：雖然。例：While he has published many papers, he is modest.(雖然他發表了多篇論文，他還是很謙虛。)
sands upon thousands：成千上萬的
the open：在戶外，在野外
a result：結果
ed as “critically endangered”：被列為極度瀕危動物
練習：
1.A decline B rise C teeth D eyes
2.A benefit B debate C problem D solution
3.A plants B birds C humans D cows
4.A over B with C through D across
5.A sometimes B long C suddenly D hardly
6.A who B when C because D where
7.A traditionally B occasionally C possibly D finally
8.A came from B adjusted to C resulted from D led to
9.A drop B increase C disappear D change
10.A future B past C villages D mountains
11.A recent B urgent C frequent D rare
12.A neglect B use C remove D find
13.A cures B arrivals C deaths D journeys
14.A along B on C in D by
15.A take B adopt C consume D waste
答案與題解：
1.A 通篇文章都在敘述禿鷹瀕臨滅種對印度環境的負面影響，而且文章的標題中的“dying vultures”也提供了線索。decline符合上下文的意思，是答案。rise與上下文的意思相反。sharp teeth和sharp eyes是禿鷹的特點，但文章並未提及。
2.C 禿鷹瀕臨滅亡，給環境帶來問題。上一句的“alarm rather than celebration”提供瞭解題的線索，禿鷹瀕臨滅亡對我們是一種警告，而不是一件值得慶賀的.事。選problem是合適的。至於debate和solution，文章並未涉及。
3.B 禿鷹數量的減少對當地居民是一種災難。此外，對誰也是一種災難呢?as引出的物件是誰呢?這個物件不會是humans，plants或cows。答案是birds。
4.D 作者原來的用詞一定是across the Indian sub-continent(整個印度次大陸)，不可能是over the Indian sub-continent(在印度次大陸上空)，with the Indian sub-continent(與印度次大陸一起)或through the Indian sub-continent(穿越印度次大陸)。
5.B 本段前面的句子描述了禿鷹在保護該地區的環境上作用很大，所以禿鷹不會是時有時無(sometimes)地起作用，或突然地(suddenly)起作用，或幾乎不(hardly)起作用。只有選long(長期以來一直)起作用才合乎上下文的意思。
6.C 為什麼禿鷹會起保護環境的作用呢?本段的下半段說出了其中的原因。牛在印度被視為神物，死後露屍戶外，任其腐爛。禿鷹以食牛的屍體為生，同時也清除了汙染源，保護了城鎮和鄉村的環境。這些句子講的是原因，所以選擇because是對的。
7.A 文章說每年有成千上萬頭牛死亡並露屍城鎮和鄉村。既然是這樣，就不會是偶爾(occasionally)或可能(possibly)或最終(finally)露屍在城鎮和鄉村。露屍戶外是印度的傳統，所以traditionally是答案。
8.D 本段第一句表達的是因果關係。The disappearance of the vultures是因，an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals是果。四個選項中只有led to(導致)能表達這種因果關係，所以led to是答案。
9.B 野狗是狂犬病菌的主要攜帶者，野狗大量的出現當然會增加狂犬病擴散的危險性，而不是相反。所以選increase是正確的，而drop是increase的反義詞，不會是答案。change或disappear都脫離了上下文的意思，所以不是答案。
10.A 狂犬病從野狗傳到人身上已經非常可怕，如果再傳到其他動物身上問題就更嚴重了。四個選項中，選future構成片語in the fiiture(在未來)符合上下文的意思。
11.B 從後面的”an emergency project has been launched(啟動了應急專案)”可以推斷出要選的形容詞是urgent(緊迫的)。
12.D 啟動應急專案是為了找到一個解決的辦法。neglect a solution, use a solution或remove a solution顯然不符合上下文的意思。find是答案。
13.C 本段說禿鷹的數量急劇減少，已被列為瀕危物種。本題的選項cures(治療法)、aniyals(到達)或journeys(旅程)與本段後面一句“All three species are now listed as ‘ critically endangered’”所表達的意思接不上。選deaths，全段的意思就連貫了。因此，deaths是答案。
14.D 在四個選項中，along，on，in明顯不合適。by有“到(某事物)的程度”的意思。“... the three species of vultures had declined by over 90 per cent”的意思是“三種秀鷹的數量減少了90%以上”。
15.A “花費或用多少時間”英語的常用的表達法是“take... days/months, etc.”。選take是正確的。其他三個選項都不合適。
