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Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.
What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the fast years of life. A child hears it spoken from moming till night and,what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance, there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as what is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
ared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
ts' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
ty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of
learning their mother tongue.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
ures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案及解析
1.A。題幹：與學習外語的成年人相比，兒童學習母語很容易。利用線索詞adult和children，在第一段的段首句中發現children，而在隨後的一句中發現adult。研究這兩段的語意：前一句說“為什麼孩子學習母語學得這麼好?”後一句接著說“當我們把孩子和學習外語的成年人比較時，我們發現了這個有趣的事實”，依據這兩句判斷，該問題旬實際上是對原文中這兩個句子的總結。
2.C。題幹：成年人的知識和智力阻礙了他們對外語的掌握。利用線索詞mental powers在第一段第三句中可以發現相關資訊，該句大意是“在大多數情況下，智力充分發展的成年人對外語的掌握是錯誤的和不準確的”。而該句的下一句引出的是成年人和兒童在學習語言方面不同的理由(第二段的.段首句)，但原文中並沒提到成年人掌握外語的能力較差的原因，所以選擇C。
3.B。題幹：兒童母語學得好的原因只是因為他們的學習環境。該問題旬的說法太絕對，所以判斷答案為“錯誤”。其實這道題的答案相關句我們在前一題已經涉及了。文章第二段的首句給出了由兩個partly引出的理由，因為不是“唯一的理由”，故選擇B。
4.A。題幹：早年大量的聽力練習是兒童學習母語成功的一個原因。利用線索詞the first years oflife在第二段的第二句中可以發現相關句。該句說“早年學習母語的時間是最有益的”。接下來的一句強調了兒童期聽力練習的形式。所以選擇A。
5.B。題幹：兒童學習母語的優勢是可以常年上私人輔導課。利用線索詞all the year round在第三段的第一句中發現直接相關句。比較原句和問題句的結構，發現不同之處在於“as itwere”的結構。部分結構的差異往往設定了陷阱。原文中asitwere的含義是“彷彿是”，而問題句說“是”，所以選擇B。
6.A。題幹：手勢和麵部表情可能會對兒童掌握母語有幫助。利用線索詞Gestures and facial expressions在第三段的第二句中發現直接相關句。該句說“兒童學習母語的另一個優勢是可以接觸各種情景的母語，而且母語中還伴隨了正確的手勢和麵部表情”。可見原句的說法與問題旬一致，所以選擇A。
7.C。題幹：就語言教學而言，教師與學生的親密關係比學生接受的專門培訓更重要。利用線索詞teachers在文章的最後一段找到相關資訊，但原文只是說“教師與學生的關係。是親密的”，儘管問題句的說法並不與原文矛盾，但只能選擇C。
