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2017年職稱英語考試衛生類語法:倒裝句

職稱英語 閱讀(2.31W)

職稱英語考試中,語法也是其考察的一個物件,那麼關於倒裝句的語法大家清楚是怎樣的嗎?下面就和yjbys網小編一起來看看倒裝句的語法。

2017年職稱英語考試衛生類語法:倒裝句

  倒裝:

英語的一般語序為:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語(或表語) + (狀語等附加成分)。有時為了語法上或修辭上的需要而改變這種語序,如將謂語動詞放到主語的前面,就稱為倒裝。因語法需要的倒裝稱為"語法倒裝",例如英語中的疑問句多采用倒裝形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辭需要,如為了強調、句子結構均衡或承上啟下等目的倒裝,稱為"修辭性倒裝",例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山頂上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。

就應試而言,以下倒裝現象應給予特別注意(按考試中出現的頻率高低順序排列):

1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定詞開頭的句子,比較:

例1

正常語序:I shall never forget the first days at college.

倒裝語序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.

(我永遠不會忘記初上大學的那些日子)

例2

正常語序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.

倒裝語序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.

(直到最近我才知道什麼叫市場經濟。)

以上兩個句子採用倒裝語序的主要目的是為了強調。

在這一節中,要特別注意以下三個倒裝句型

not until… ,見以上例2

no sooner …than…,例如:

No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.

(她剛唸完這首詩,學生們就開始向她提問題了。)

hardly …when …,與 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞錯了,既:

Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.

2)介詞 + no否定詞開頭的句子, 比較:

正常語序:I shall not do anything against the interests of the country under any circumstances.(不管在什麼情況下,我決不做有損國家利益的事情。)

倒裝語序:Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.

3) only, so/such (…that…),often 等詞開頭的.句子,比較: 4)

正常語序:We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.

倒裝語序:Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.

(只有這樣我們才能學好一門外語。)

正常語序:The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.

倒裝語序:So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.

(汙跡很小,幾乎看不出來。)

從以上的舉例可以歸納出:

如果以上的詞(組)本來就是修飾或說明主語的,不存在倒裝問題,例如:

Not all scientists accept his new theory about the origin of the Universe.

(不是所有科學家都接受他的有關宇宙起源的新理論的。)

怎麼倒裝?採用一般疑問句的倒裝規則。

應試思路:

倒裝句一般都比較長,表達的意思相對比較複雜,這給英語基礎比較差的考生帶來理解上的一定困難。為了提高應試效率,要牢牢把握好以下應試思路:

見到not等否定詞,或only, so, often, 或"介詞 + no…"開頭的句子,首先要考慮是否倒裝;

看看答案中哪個採用了倒裝形式(不要管是什麼意思);

如果答案中有幾個倒裝形式,比較一下時態、語態或其他細微差別。

例如:

Not since the great growth years of the snowmobile ______ as much as the latest entry of all terrain vehicle.

A. did a sport vehicle catch the public's fancy

B. a sport vehicle had caught the public's fancy

a sport vehicle caught the public's fancy

a sport vehicle catch the public's fancy

要正確翻譯這個句子並不是件容易的事,但並不影響解題:

首先,這是個"not"開頭的句子,需要倒裝;

第二,在A、A、C、D四個答案中,B是唯一不倒裝的,肯定不對;

第三,儘管A、C、D都是倒裝形式,但由於是"not since",要用現在完成時,故正確答案是C.

從以上例子可以看出,就語法考試而言,牢記基本規則,把握正確解題思路有時比多認識幾個英語單詞更重要。

其他需注意的倒裝現象:

4) here, there, back, down, off, in, up等表示地點狀語的詞開頭的句子,例如:

Here comes a taxi! (來了輛計程車!)

There goes the last bus!(末班公共汽車開走了!)

Down came the rain.(下雨了。)

但是:主語是代詞時不倒裝,例如:

Here it comes. (它來了。)

There she goes.(她走了。)

5) 主語 + live, stand, lie, sit 等動詞 + (介詞)地點狀語 的結構中常採用倒裝語序,例如:

正常語序:An old temple stands at the top of the hill.

倒裝語序:At the top of the hill stands an old temple. (山頂上有座古廟。)

同樣,如果主語是代詞,也不能倒裝,例如:

(The old temple was built 800 hundred years ago. ) It stands at the top of the hill.

6) although 讓步從句用as或 though代替時,例如:

正常語序:Although he is young, he is quite expert in computer technology.

倒裝語序:Young as he is, he is quite expert in computer technology.

(儘管他很年輕,但是他對計算機技術相當專業。)

4)、5)、6)類倒裝只是簡單的語序調整。