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Biodiesel
Yuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel1, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biodiesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which has become increasingly expensive.
Yuthnchai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers, so they can make their own fuel.
There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachai’s is one of the most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines.
Despite the public interest in biodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachai’s fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachai fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 4-6 US cents cheaper than diesel.
According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run2. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodieselmaking potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily.
Other Asian countries have been researching biodiesel — Malaysia, and the Philippines for 20 years — but Thailand is the first country to have public policy supporting its commercialization.
That trend looks like continuing,3 with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until that’s working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais.詞彙： biodiesel n.生物柴油 Thailand /5tailAnd/ n.泰國
Thai /5tB:i(:)/ n.泰國人 regulatory /5re^julEtEri/ adj.管理的，控制的 coconut /5kEukEnQt/ n.凡椰子 fatty-acid脂肪酸 slump /slQmp/ n.暴跌 refine /ri5fain/ v.精煉 affordable adj.負擔得起的 commercialization n.商業化kerosene /5kerEsi:n/ n.煤油，火油 註釋：
1. … a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel：……取代昂貴的進口柴油的一種本地產的燃料。 alternative之後接介詞 to。
2. in the long run：最後，最終
3. That trend looks like continuing…：發展勢頭似乎還要繼續下去…… look like：看上去像。如：It looks like rain.看上去要下雨了。練習：
1. Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2. Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5. Yuthachai fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US Thailand joint venture in Bangkok. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7. It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers’ interest before his own. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：1. C文章沒有涉及“由於生物柴油價格暴跌，泰國損失慘重”這一話題。
2. B 本題給出的資訊是錯誤的。事實上，根據第五段的第一句： the biokiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as ealily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run，生物柴油的質量比普通柴油要差。
3. A 本題給出的資訊是正確的。第一段說及，生物柴油的原料是椰油和棕櫚油，第五段又說到，生物柴油還可用廢烹調油製成。
4. B 本題給出的資訊正好相反。事實是：泰國是用政府政策支援生物柴油商業化的.第一個國家。根據在倒數第二段。
5. A 本題給出的資訊是正確的。根據見第四段。
6. C文章沒有提到 Yuthachai擔任泰美合資公司執行總裁一事。
7. A Yuthachai頂住外國石油公司的誘惑，拒絕出讓生產生物柴油的專利，目的是讓泰國農民能利用他的配方，自行生產生物柴油。根據見第二段。
