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閱讀理解|||下面有3篇短文，每篇短文後有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
Computers in Cars
You're far from home on alonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. athickmist (霧) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car's windshield (擋風玻璃).
"Can this B.e route 90A?" you wonder. If it is, you should be near atown. Yet there's nohint of one. Night is closing in. And you're low on gasoline.
This is asituation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be abig help.
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exist. Several experimental models arebeing tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car makers. These computersvary in detail. but they all contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes. For example, onecomputer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
before starting out on atrip, er can type in the code for the region he or she plans todrive through. The computer then shows amap of that region. At the same time, atiny radio re-ceiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such asthe NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows the car's position at all timesand displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best routeto follow.
Anavigation computer may also receive and use dataabout road construction, weather condi-tions, and trafficjams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer wouldalso use the information to work out alternate (交替的 ) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microproces-sors (微處理的) control certain engine functions B.y regulating the mixing of fuel. Dataon carspeed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayedas digital data(numbers) or warning lights.
Some auto designers suggest that acentral computer display be used to clearly present suchtimely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate adrop in oil pres-sure or asudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions, thedriver could call it up on the computer display screen. When needed, the computer could be"asked" to provide navigation aid or information about the car's condition.
by describing atypical situation of alost driver on the road, the author intends to__________.
us believe how complex the highway computer network is
us know how in-car computers are linked to road signs
us how helpful anavigation computer can be
us that NAVSTAR has come into use
參考答案：C
參考解析：文章第二段描述了一位司機迷路的情況，緊接著第三段講到，當汽車上裝載了計算機導航系統後，會給司機到來很大的方便。很明顯，答案為選項C。
The word "navigate" in Paragraph 3 means__________.
A."help one control the traffic"
B."help one find one's way"
C."give aship correct information about its course"
ct aplane to its destination"
參考答案：B
參考解析： 本題屬於詞彙題，問“navigate”在第三段中的意思是什麼?navigate的本意是“導航”，即選項C的意思，但在文中，它指的不是給輪船導航，而是為汽車導航，為駕駛員指路，故選項B.為正確答案。
The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all__________.
ain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes
ain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
be ed free of charge
of money
參考答案：A
參考解析： 本題是根據第四段中間這兩句話出的問題“These computers vary in theyall contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes.”所有(車載)計算機導航系統都含有電子地圖，即儲存在視盤或錄影帶上的地圖(series of maps on videodiscs or video-tapes)，所以A為正確答案。
Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer__________.
d still be able to locate the. car's position at all times
d fail to locate the car's position
d still work out the best route to follow
d seek help from the radio receiver linked to it
參考答案：B
參考解析： 本題問的是當車載計算機收不到來自導航衛星的訊號時會出現什麼情況。根據常識可以判斷，計算機無法確定汽車的位置。此題可以通過第五段中的“Using these sig-nals，the computer shows the car's position at all times and displays this position on themap.”推斷出來，本題是此句意思的反說。
Of the following functions, which is NOT possessed by the navigation computer?
ing amap of the region adriver plans to drive through.
icting acar crash on the road.
ing information about road construction, weather conditions, and trafficjams.
ing the car's position at all times and displaying it on the map.
參考答案：B
參考解析： 選項中給出了計算機導航系統的幾個功能，問其中哪項不是。通過閱讀短文，我們發現選項B.的資訊文中沒有提到，故此題選B。
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor en-trances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts bay Colony in 1716 on Little brew-ster Island at the entrance to boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (徵收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only adozen or sotrue lighthouses in the colonies. Little over acentury later, there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basicNew England design:aCape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing closeby. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected avariety of architectural styles.
Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高處), enormous towerswere not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood onpilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland throughthe , the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there--massive structures like the majesticlighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina,which was lit in1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in Americasharedseveral features : alight, living quarters, and sometimes abell ( or, later, afoghorn). They alsohad something else in common: akeeper and usually the keeper's family. The keeper's essentialtask was trimming the lantern wick (燈芯) in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earli-est keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough millhands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.
After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouseboard, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly profes-sional.
Which is the best title for the passage?
Lighthouse on Little brewster Island.
Life of aLighthouse Keeper.
y Lighthouses in the United States.
Modem Profession of Lighthouse-keeping.
參考答案：C
參考解析：本文從最早美國燈塔的雛形，談到美國早期燈塔的建築，以及美國早期燈塔在外形和建築上的共同點，最後還談到了燈塔管理人員的工作生活。文章所提到的要點都是圍繞著美國早期燈塔。選項B.、D文中均有涉及，但並非重點。A項只提到了美國第一座燈塔。所以，正確答案是C。
Why does the author mention the Massachusetts bay Colony?
was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse .
of the tallest lighthouses were built there.
first lantern wicks were developed there.
first lighthouse in North Americawas built there.
參考答案：D
參考解析： 考的'具體細節是作者提到馬薩諸塞灣殖民地的原因。本文第一段第二句“The firstlighthouse was put upby the Massachusetts bay Colony in l716 on Little brewster Island atthe enhance to boston Harbor”提供了答案。所以，正確答案是D。
It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did NOT need high tow-ers because__________.
s there had high masts
tal waters were safe
coast was straight and unobstructed
lighthouses were built on high places
參考答案：D
參考解析： 考的是位於東北地區的燈塔建得不是很高的原因。本題的線索在第二段第三句話
“Since most stations in the Northeast were buih on rocky eminences，enormous towers werenot the rule.”文中說，由於大多數位於東北地區的燈塔建在岩石高地上，所以，一般燈塔都不需要建得很高很大。所以，正確答案是D。
According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound?
le brewster Island.
FloridaKeys.
Hatteras.
Cod.
參考答案：C
參考解析： 考的具體細節是最高的磚砌燈塔位於什麼地方。依據原文第二段第八句話，“…like the majesticlighthouse in Cape Hatteras…it is the tallestbrick lighthouse in the coun-try”我們可以得知，1870年建於北卡羅來納州Hatteras角的燈塔是美國最高的磚砌燈塔，高度為190英尺。所以，正確答案是C。
We can know from the passage that the coast of North Carolinais __________.
y eminences
and flat
and sandy
and sandy
參考答案：C
參考解析： 考的是北卡羅來納州的海岸情況。根據原文第二段第七、八句話“Farther south。from Maryland through the FloridaKeys，…it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.”可知，馬里蘭(Maryland)和佛羅里達海岸(the FloridaKeys)相似，而馬里蘭(Maryland)和佛羅里達(the FloridaKeys)海岸是low and sandy。所以，北卡羅來納州也應是lowand sandy。選項y eminences指的是美國東北海岸，選項B.、D根本沒有提及。所以，正確條案是C。
Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life, hut it's not much fun--and it might not e-yen be necessary. We may be to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start todiet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of Californiaat Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse wasyoung simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The geneticrejuvenation won't reverse other dam- age causedby time for the mouse, could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler's team fed three mice anormal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three onhalf-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for amonth whenthey were 34 months old--equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like in-flammation and free radical production--probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that haddieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most sur-prising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age alsobenefited from 70 percentof these gene changes.
"This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly," says Warnerfrom the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, Spindler ishopeful. "There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work," he says.
If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol-der, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. f period of time of die-ting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure adrug is effective.
but Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it. "The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry," he says. "Even seeing what adiet does, it's still hard to go to arestaurantand say: ' I can only eat half of that. '"
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in Califor-nia, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
ng less than usual might make us live longer.
we go on adiet when old, we may keep healthy.
ing might not be needed.
have to begin dieting since childhood.
參考答案：D
參考解析：第一段第一句講“節食可能不是非做不可的事”，第二句講“即使上了年紀再節食，我們仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力”，因此，“我們必須從小就開始節食”是錯誤的。D是正確答案。
Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?
describe the influence of old age on mice.
illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.
tell us how mice's liver genes behave.
inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.
參考答案：B
參考解析： 第二段提及“一隻高齡老鼠”的時候，作者談到，“只要連續四周限制它進食，它的肝臟基因就會變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力”。據此，“為了描述節食對老鼠所產生的影響”最好地回答了題幹中的問題。
What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?
will not experience free radical production.
will experience more geneticrejuvenation in their lifetime.
have more old liver genes tobehave like young genes.
are more likely to suffer from inflammation.
參考答案：D
參考解析： 第四段提到，“正常飼養的老鼠隨著年齡的增長有46條肝臟基因會發生變化，這種變化與炎症和有機體組織無限激增有關”，因此D正確。
According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?
mice that started dieting in old age.
B.27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.
rie restriction that works in people.
ing that makes sure adrug is effective.
參考答案：A
參考解析： 第四段最後一個句子講“但最驚人的發現是那些上了年紀才開始節食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”。“最驚人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。
According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that__________.
s do not have the effects of calorie restriction
ing is not agood method to give us health and long life
ng the effect of adiet, people will like to eat less than normal
rie restriction is very important to young people
參考答案：B
參考解析：文章的最後兩段談及Spindler對節食的看法。首先，他不能肯定節食是否值得。其次，他希望在不久的將來，我們不必節食。所以我們可以推知，他認為節食不是得以健康長壽的好辦法。
