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Climate Change: The Long Reach
(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (評估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
(3) Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet's environment could nudge ( 推動) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".
(4) Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they're limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.
(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23～26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2__________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes
F. A prediction of future climate change
27～30完成句子
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.
30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.
A. the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of impacts
23.A。題幹：第二段的主要內容是__________。本段屬於遞進結構。首句講到“人們經常燃燒化石燃料來獲取熱量和能量”，從第二句開始闡述燃燒化石燃料會釋放二氧化碳，從而對氣候產生影響。因此本段的主題是B(燃燒化石燃料的影響)。
24.C。題幹：第三段的主要內容是__________。該段的主題句為最後一句：這個過程叫作fast feedback。
25.D。題幹：第四段的主要內容是__________。該段為轉折結構。第一句為引子“看快速反饋是十分重要的”，第二旬前的however使得話鋒一轉，認為快速反應是有侷限的，從而可推理得知該段的'主題為slow feedback，這與該段中間的總結是一致的。故本題選D。
26.F。題幹：第五段的主要內容是__________。該段主題句為第二句：(在基於以前收集的資訊基礎上)他得出瞭解釋未來快速反應與慢速反應程序的結論以及由此結論得到氣候上升度數不同的結論。因此本題選F最合適。
27.D。題幹：北極的冰在從未融化得如此之快。根據Arctic ice回到原文定位到第一段第二句“Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.”可知，該空應該填入D。
28.A。題幹：冰雪的融化使得陽光能達到__________。根據melting snow and ice回到原文定位到第三段，由“Butasthesemelt，sunlightcannow reach—andwam—theexposedground”可知該空應該填入the exposed ground。這裡的these指代的就是melting snow and ice。
29.E。題幹：Zeebe通過分析__________預測了未來氣候變化。通過Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction回到原文定位到最後一段，首句中有答案：收集以前的研究資料。
30.B。題幹：化石燃燒盡了之後，全球變暖還會__________。用After fossil fuels are used up定位到末段的最後一句“causeglobalwarmingtopersistforthousands ofyears afterpeople run out offossil fuels to bum”，可知該空答案為B。其中use up與run out對應，thousands of years對應選項中的a very long time。
