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大學聯考英語寫作提高的關鍵之善用句型語法和詞彙方法參考

英語寫作 閱讀(9.25K)

然而,大學聯考寫作是有規律可循的。通過恰當的練習,考生們完全可以在較短的時間內取得較大的提高。

大學聯考英語寫作提高的關鍵之善用句型語法和詞彙方法參考

大學聯考作文采用總體評分方式,評分標準集中在四個方面

1.覆蓋所有內容要點;

2.應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙;

3.在使用複雜結構或高階詞彙時允許有些許錯誤;

4.有效地使用了語句間的連線成分,全文結構緊湊。

大部分考生在句型詞彙及句子連線方面達不到要求,導致低分。本文以以下考題為例,談一談如何運用較複雜的句型語法結構和詞彙。

考題:

假設你是李華,你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽說中國的中國小正在減輕學生的學習負擔, 來信詢問有關情況。請你根據下表提供的資訊,寫一封回信,談一談減負給你的學習和生活帶來的變化。

週末活動 (減負前) 週末活動:(減負後)

白天: 上課,做作業 白天: 餐館博物館,學習電腦,繪畫

晚上: 做作業 晚上: 看新聞,讀書,看報

就寢時間: 11:30 就寢時間: 10:00

注意:

1.詞數為100左右

2.開頭已為你寫好

3.生詞: 減輕學習負擔—reduce learning load

Dear Dick,

How nice to hear from you again…….

當年大部分考生只是對圖表進行了簡單的翻譯,導致文章異常單調、重複,分數很不理想。如何才能在簡單的內容上運用較複雜的句型詞彙呢?考生在寫“減負前”的情況時只會簡單地寫: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:30. 這無異於簡單機械地翻譯中文!得分可想而知!

其實考生完全可以使用學過的比較複雜的句型語法結構。例如我們可以使用too…to句型:I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我們也可以使用定語從句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我們還可以使用倒裝句:Not until 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者:So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我們甚至還可以使用擬人手法:Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework.

由此讀者可以看出:高分和低分的作文的區別主要體現在語言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就應該是有意識地,恰當地使用比較複雜的句型語法和詞彙。讀者應先培養這種意識,然後進行大量練習。下面的練習重點訓練的就是句型詞彙和有效連線,請讀者不要進行簡單的翻譯,而是通讀上下文,儘量多地使用複雜多樣的句型詞彙。

考題填空。

Dear Dick,

How nice to hear from you again.

1.過去______________, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.

2.連線詞______________, nowadays, I have more time做我想做的_______________________________________________________________.

週末變得更加豐富多彩了_________________________________________________________________.

3.白天___________________________, I often visit museums or 學電腦及繪畫____________________________________________________.

使用擬人句_________________________________________________________________.

the evening,使用either…or句型_________________________________________________________________.

5.而且________________________________________________, I go to bed/sleep earlier than before—at ten o’clock.

6.發揮一句I hope __________________________________________________________________.

參考答案:

1.過去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.

2.連線詞Fortunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .週末更加豐富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .

3.白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 學電腦及繪畫learn computer and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.

使用擬人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.

the evening, 使用either…or句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.

5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than before—at ten o’clock.

6.發揮一句I hope things won’t have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now.

國中英語滿分作文必備短語句型 It takes sb sometime to do sth.

It takes sb sometime to do sth. 花費某人...時間做某事

1. 考點:take 後接人,再接某物,動詞用to do的用法

2. 必備例句:

It will take the workers two years to build the bridge.

工人們用兩年時間建造了這座大廈。

It took her 3 months to do this experiment.

她花了三個月來做實驗。

3. 擴充套件: “四朵金花”(take,spend,pay,cost)的用法講解

第一朵:take. take後面常跟雙賓語,常見用法有以下幾種:

(1)It takes sb. +時間+to do sth.

例:It took them three years to build this road.

修這條路,他們花了三年時間。

(2)s sb.+時間, 做某事花了某人多少時間。

例:Repairing this car took him the whole

afternoon.

修這輛車他們花了整個下午。

第二朵:spend d的主語必須是人, 常用於以下結構:

(1)spend time /money on sth. 在……上花費時間(金錢)。

例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。

(2)spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花費時間(金錢)做某事。

例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge.

造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。

(3)spend money for sth. 花錢買……。

例:His money was spent for books.

他的錢用來買書了。

第三朵:pay的基本用法是:

(1)pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買……。

例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room

each month.

我每個月要付20英磅的房租。

(2)pay for sth. 付……的錢。

例:I have to pay for the book lost.

我不得不賠丟失的書款。

(3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢。

例:Don not worry! I'll pay for you.

別擔心,我會給你付錢的。

(4)pay sb. 付錢給某人。

例: They pay us every month.

他們每月給我們報酬。

(5)pay money back 還錢。

例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it

back nextweek.

你能借給我12塊錢嗎?下週還你。

(6)pay off one's money還清錢

第四朵:cost的主語是物或某種活動, 還可以表示“值”, 常見用法如下:

(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金錢,某物花了(某人)多少錢。

例:A new computer costs a lot of money.

買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。

(2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) +時間,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時間。

例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.

他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。

英語四級作文解析

英語四級作文不理想的原因很多,總的看來主要有以下幾個方面的問題:

第一、英語底子太薄。底子太薄主要表現為對語法知識掌握不牢及對基本詞彙記憶不清。它包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的濫用,主謂不一致,單複數搞不清楚(例如:a people等),時態和語態混亂及詞語的各種形式掌握不牢。有的學生文章寫得很長,字跡也很工整,但是讀完之後只覺得思路紊亂,支離破碎,沒有一個完整的句子,所以也就只能得兩三分以慰勞苦。

第二、詞彙量太小,且對已學詞彙記憶不清。除了底子太薄這個歷史原因之外,學生詞彙量太小也是一個不容忽視的原因。有的學生漢語功底很好,用漢語作文,他們就會思如泉湧,下筆千言,但是一到用英語作文就好像被縛住了手腳,不知如何下手。比如99年1月的作文,題目是"Don''t Hesitate to Say No", 大部分學生能夠領會題意並能按給出的漢語提綱作文,但有的學生連Hesitate是什麼意思都不知道,更不用說在此基礎上再作發揮了。另外有的學生雖然對題目及要求非常清楚,但是因為自己所掌握的詞彙所限,無法用一些合適的詞來表達自己的思想,於是只有繞著題目翻來覆去亂說一氣,再加上這次出的作文提綱就象一道繞口令:

1、 別人請求幫助時,在什麼情況下我們會說“不”;

2、 為什麼有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”;

3、 該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。

所以在說過一個又一個的"No"再加幾個"Yes"之後,閱卷老師也給搞得雲裡霧裡,頭腦發脹,最後也只得酌情給個兩三分罷了。還有的一寫到紙上就是錯字別字滿篇,有些詞彙的用法也走了樣。其中最典型的就是for example寫成example for , for instance寫成for a instance, illegal 寫成unlegle, 而such as, in spite of 等許多短語則是亂用一氣。詞彙的有限導致許多學生有口難言,欲說不能,對他們來說,用英語作文實在是一件很頭疼的事情。

第三、缺乏思想,深度不夠。99年1月的考試中很大一部分學生不能得高分還有一個重要的原因,就是他們的作文缺乏思想,深度不夠。很多學生雖然已是大二的學生,甚至是大三大四的學生,但是他們在作文當中所表現出的智力水平與閱歷似乎只相當於一個初高中生。寫出的文章著眼點低,視野狹窄。作為學生,作文著眼於學生之間的關係,反映學生之間的幫忙,這並不為過,但是這種幫忙不能僅僅限於在考試當中的幫忙,而且對這種幫忙都是一句話 "Don''t hesitate to say ''No''"。更有相當一部分學生在文章中寫幫忙就是這一次四級考試當中的幫忙。與在校考生比較起來,社會考生應該多了許多社會閱歷,也多了一些見解,但是舉出來的例子也是範圍太窄,大多是講老闆或領導讓乾的事只能答 "Yes"而不能回答 "No"。其實除了這些,可舉的例子很多,關鍵是要抓住實質。

第四、缺乏應試技巧。缺乏應試技巧,主要表現為有些學生在篇首或篇尾有喊口號傾向(如Dear Friends, let''s not hesitate to say"No"),或畫蛇添足,本來文章該結束了卻偏要羅羅嗦嗦再來兩句多餘的`話;另外一些學生字數把握不準,不是寫得太短就是寫得太長,寫得太短的會因為字數不夠而失分,太長的又因為閱卷老師任務繁重,時間窘迫,不能因為一篇文章亂了整個閱卷節奏。還有一些學生的筆跡(尤其是用純藍墨水鋼筆和出水太淺的圓珠筆寫的),讓閱卷老師怎麼也看不清楚。

以上是四級英語考試中常見的幾個問題,更是我們平時英語作文當中應該注意的幾個方面。要寫好一篇英語文章,關鍵要在平時下功夫,打好牢固的基礎,但是如果這一功夫在使用的時候不講技巧,不但不能事半功倍地發揮出最高技巧,取得最佳成績,甚至可能出現與實際水平相去甚遠的低成績。因此,上面講到的四個問題應該是相輔相成,缺一不可的,做到了這幾點,寫出一篇好的大學英語四級作文應該是不難的。

考研英語作文開頭段萬能模板句

開頭段一定要語言精練,並且直接切入主題。開頭段一般不對主題進行深入的探討,具體的論證或敘述應該在擴充套件段進行。

開頭段的常用核心句型:

arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (takes into account) the fact that…

opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly / generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas / views), I believe (argue) that…

ough many people believe that…, I doubt (wonder)whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination).

advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.

ough it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that…, it is unlikely to be true that…

e is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that…

is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn‘t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won‘t be the case) that…

main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that…

would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that…

all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected).

e is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that…

cal (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when…is taken into consideration(account).

assume (suggest) that…is far from being proved (to miss the point).

14.A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless /fallacious) it is.

the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that…

much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to)…may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts…

danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that…

the arguer fails to understand (consider / mention) is that…

ver just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

g the most convincing (important) reasons given (cited / offered / identified) by people for…, one should be stressed (emphasized / mentioned).

far as I am concerned, however, I believe that…

22.I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)…

23.I agree with the above statement because I believe that…

ough I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.

e is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of… Those who object to…argue that…. But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that…

ently (In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is (has been) a(n) general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)…

it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged) that…. But I wonder (doubt) whether…

e days we are often told that (often hear about)…, but is this really the case?

大學聯考英語寫作專題訓練:議論文

大學聯考英語寫作專題訓練:議論文

重點詮釋:

1.議論文是以議論為主要表達方式的一種文體,它通過擺事實,講道理的方式來辯明是非曲折,從而表達出作者的觀點。它常由論點,論據和論證三部分構成。

2.在近幾年的大學聯考書面表達中,其主要命題形式是以表格式和提綱式來呈現寫作材料的。

3.它要求語言必須簡練,準確,要儘可能避免使用口語,多用書面語,可適當使用名言警句;以議論為主,輔之以敘述,說明和描寫等手法。

4.寫作時要圍繞中心論點展開議論,即論據和論證要圍繞論點展開。根據題目要求,有時需要從正反兩面來論述,可增強論證的力度。最後,可得出結論,照應開頭,形成一個有機的整體。

5.寫作時常以三段式的形式展開議論。

高中英語作文之詞句篇亮點

書面表達評分標準“最高檔”要求:“應用了較多的語法結構或詞彙;語法結構或詞彙方面有少許錯誤,但為盡力使用較複雜結構或較高階詞彙所致;有效地使用了語句間的連線成分,使全文結構緊湊。”從歷年書面表達高分文章來看,每篇文章都有“亮”點,即在用詞、造句或段落安排上都有獨到之處。

要想獲得高分就應在“正確”表達的基礎上寫出自己的特色,寫出自己的“亮”點。

一、詞彙選擇——標新立異

在寫作中“較高階詞彙”的使用主要是指使用《大綱》上沒有的詞語、使用通過構詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來代替常見詞語。

1)這棟房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。

A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.

B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.

分析:is in是常見詞語,而situates in則是《大綱》上沒有的,屬於高階詞彙。

2)在週末我們做很多作業。

A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.

B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.

分析:B句在表達時沒有使用過於直接的a lot of,而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大綱》詞彙end加字尾-less變化來的。

3)洗澡間和廚房都很好。

A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.

B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.

在表達要點時,B句使用了well furnished,這比good語氣強,也顯得生動。

在造句時,“較高階詞彙”如能運用貼切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一個,也會使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。

二、結構造句——與眾不同

在造句時,既要使句子生動,又要使其簡明扼要。

1、使用與人不同的表達方式,特別是提倡打破漢語句子結構的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。

1)唐山曾在二十世紀八十年代發生過一次大地震。

A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.

B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.

大多數同學使用了there be結構,這是對的,但是B句卻摒棄了常見句式。另闢蹊徑而使用了“主語+謂語+賓語”結構,且使用了terrible,hit/strike這樣的詞彙,更是難能可貴的。

2)你八月十五日的來信我今天早晨收到了。

A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多數人使用的方式)

B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(與多數人使用的方式不同,簡潔)

2.使用一些強勢句式,如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等,增強語句的表現力。如:

3)阿福救了我妹妹。

A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)

B: It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(強調句式)

4)我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長勢喜人很是高興。

A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句)

B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感嘆句)

3、句式多樣,複雜得體。在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型,而應注意句式的變化,如長短句結合,簡單句、並列句與複合句共用,還可使用簡化句等;一些較複雜的結構如獨立主格,分詞結構等也可使用。下面的表達中A句簡單句多,而且多處使用there be結構,顯得單調、乏味,而B句就有自己的特色(請同學們自己分析)。

5)這是一套25平方米的住房,住房裡面有臥室、有洗澡間、有廚房;臥室裡有床、沙發、桌子和椅子等。

A: It's a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.

B: It's a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.

三、佈局謀篇——獨具匠心

在寫作中,我們可按時間、空間或其它邏輯順序來安排各要點,同時為使主題突出,結構嚴謹,我們應注意學習和使用交代句以及段落的主題句等。在佈局謀篇上,2002大學聯考範文堪稱典範。請看:

Opinions are pided on the question.

60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.

On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.

1)該文使用Opinions are pided...作交代句,開門見山,隨後兩個段落均使用了主題句(見黑體字部分),使全文結構緊湊,表達嚴謹。

2)在表述要點時範文還對要點出場順序作了調整,如“40%的同學認為應收門票,但不宜過高。”前部分作為主題句放在句首,而後部分另起一句放在句末:They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.這樣就分清了輕重緩急,主題突出,條理清楚。

3)範文使用了and, what is more, however等連詞,在段落之間使用了on the other hand(說明前後兩個觀點是相悖的),這些連線手段的運用加強了句子之間、段落之間的聯絡,使文章表達連貫,渾然一體。

4)範文在第二段為說明不收門票的“原因”時增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等細節,這也是解決句與句之間缺少連貫性的常見方法。

總之,要想使自己的文章有亮點,吸引讀者,在考試中獲得高分,就應在用詞、造句、謀篇上下功夫,哪怕是有一處特長都是“亮”點,都是值得肯定的。