Type 1 提出觀點
1. It is widely accepted +THAT
2. A widely accepted hold idea accepted +THAT...
3. A widely accepted hold idea is that...
4. A/ The dominant idea is that...
5. It is taken for granted +THAT
6. People seem to get accustomed to the idea that...
7. People are willing to ...
8. People are willing to do..., while reluctant to do...
Type 2 提出異議
1. However ，...
2. Such idea..., if not entirely ADJ1，is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=unreasonable, unacceptable, inappropriate, improper, undesirable, etc;
ADJ2=misleading, doubtful, etc.
3. In fact ，...
4. However, it is not the case.
5. This is not the case and needs to be further considered/discussed.
Type 3 論述的展開：說明原因和理由，層進，舉例，轉折
1. The reason lies in several aspects，...
2. The reason why +clause+...
3. There are several remarkable reasons.
4.層進in addition, besides, furthermore, what's more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one another; finally, above all, in short.
5.舉例for example, for instance, such as ，a typical example is that, a case in point.
6.轉折however, but, nevertheless, on the contrary.
7.條件if , provided that, unless, as long as, etc.
Type 4 就……而言;關於
1. as far concerned: As far as current situation is concerned...
2. as to: the problem as to NP有關……的問題
Type 5 問題
1. Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory .
2. There is a tendency, as recent study has pointed out +THAT...
3. There is a growing concern about...
4. It will inevitably result in unwanted consequence...
5. Unfortunately, ...
6. We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
7. The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible.
8. We are constantly faced with...
Type 6 重要與必要;注意與重視
1. NP1 is of great importance in NP2
2. The importance of... lies in that...
3. NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2
4. The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant
5. NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
6. It is important to DO
7. Special attention should be payed to...
8. What we should take into consideration is +NP
Type 7 行動
1. Measures are being taken to DO
2. We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make
Type 8 二擇其一
1. If it were left for me to decide whether ，I would, without hesitation, choose to DO
2. To DO/NP is a matter of preference.
3. It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
4. The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
5. In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
6. It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely.
7. Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
8. The benefits of NP are varied...
9. While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail.
