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2016託福寫作用詞解析

託福 閱讀(3.05W)

託福由四部分組成,分別是Reading、Listening、Speaking以及Writing。每個單項滿分30分,總分120分。以下是yjbys網小編整理的關於託福寫作用詞解析,供大家參考。

2016託福寫作用詞解析

 compare與contrast的誤用

我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to comparetwo or more things to show the difference betweenthem.由定義不難看出前者側重於找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而後者則側重於它們的不同。

看個例句:

It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast theirsituations to ours.

前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣

後一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。

再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

不難發現,Compare翻譯為“與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。。”,切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了。

其中最容易有問題的便是介詞的使用了,下面來看看幾種情況:

 1、普通介詞的誤用

一般表現為固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成besatisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼裡就是影響順暢閱讀的,根據託福學寫作評分標準當然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記於心,問題自然就解決了。

  2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用

“to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現的,所以同學們也已經習慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對於一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現錯誤。但是對於與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經常犯錯:

如:

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

這裡的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以後面只能接名詞或相當於名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以黑體處應改為“depending on”。“take to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:

He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這裡‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sthelse,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號。

 類似的常用用法請同學們牢記:

Be used to doing

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

等等,託福寫作請注意平時仔細積累。

  assume及claim使用不夠準確

我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:

Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。

Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

翻譯為“假設、假定”,是否有事實依據是不確定的。

Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believeit.

翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其後的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區別在於後者翻譯為“據報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內容,

Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:

We are considering buying a new car.

所以,千萬不要在託福寫作的第一段(觀點表達段)就因為用詞把握不準而導致對整篇文章的.低分印象。

表“建議”的詞彙後面忘記用虛擬從句

這是摘自學生託福作文中的一個病句:

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

因為‘suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以後面的從句應該用虛擬語氣,黑體部分應該改為“(should) continue”

所以考生一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的託福寫作詞彙,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣:

Recommend, suggest, advise

  such as與for example的混用

我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/likeorchids and primroses are becoming rare.

但是同學們對於Such as、for example的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,後者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。於是就有了下面的寫法:

There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

這裡的such as改為for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word inFrench and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子:

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.