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1. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. (2001. 閱讀. Text 3)
【譯文】我就上了這樣的大學，自然比那些在大工程“工廠”的學生更有優勢，在那裡沒有人關心你是否有價值觀，是否靈活多變。
【析句】複合句。主句I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students, sure此處是副詞。who went to big engineering factories作those students的定語從句，定語從句後又有從句，where they didin't care……作big engineering factories的定語從句，care後是if引導的賓語從句。
2. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. (2001. 閱讀. Text4)
【譯文】產生這種變化的原因是由於如今全國有數十家公司正在收購廢塑料汽水瓶，並把它們變成柵欄柱、粉刷等用品。
【析句】複合句。主句The reason for the change is that+表語從句。表語從句中，主句there are dozens of companies across the country,而buying……and turning……則是現在分詞作定語，相當於which buy……and turn……。
3. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life—and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. (2001. 閱讀. Text4)
【譯文】如果沒有人直到如何賦予它們新生命，廢物永遠是廢物——而廢物處理不夠經濟廉價，那麼它們的新生命就失去了價值。
【析句】複合句。主句為A discard remains a discard,後面跟有兩個until引導的時間狀語從句，其中第二個從句在破折號後，進行強調。
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引導的從句在句中作表語。該表語從句中包含if 引導條件狀語從句：“要是......”。
譯文：比較實際的'結論是，如果全球變暖是一個潛在的災難，那麼唯一的解決辦法就是新技術
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主幹：what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引導條件狀語從句，say 後面引號裡的直接引語作賓語。主句的主語是what 引導的從句，“緊跟在這個‘但是’之後的內容”;謂語部分是“動詞+賓語+補語”結構，ineffective 是賓語補足語。冒號後的內容是對前文的進一步解釋，兩個引號中的直接引語作主語，謂語部分也是“動詞(leaves)+賓語(the person who...)+賓語補足語(現在分詞feeling that...)”的結構。
譯文：如果你對你的孩子說，“很抱歉我生你的氣了，但是......”，這個“但是”後面的話可能會使你的道歉毫無效果。“我今天很倒黴”或者“你吵得我頭疼”諸如此類的話使受到傷害的那個人感覺在期待你向他道歉的同時，他應該為他所做的事情而向你道歉。
It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：it has been shown that...
句首It 是形式主語，that 引導的從句作句子的真正主語。主語從句中，主語words後面有一個現在分詞短語having...作後置定語;謂語則是“動詞(cause)+賓語(us)+補語(to react...)”結構;介詞短語in ways...是react 的方式狀語。
譯文：據表明，具有某些含義的詞語可能會使人產生一些反應，而我們認為這些反應是違揹我們正常的人性化行為的。
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：Hancock says...
句中，says 後的內容都作賓語。在該賓語從句中，it 是形式主語，真正的主語是後面的兩個由and 並列連線的whether 引導的從句。
譯文：但是Hancock 說，有一點也很關鍵，那就是談話是否被記錄下來、可以重新讀取，以及談話是否是實時發生。
