想要學好英語四級怎麼能不知道這些時態呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時態
1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語態
可以有兩種被動結構的型別,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語動詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動語態)
延伸閱讀：
句子成分(members of the sentence)
英語的句子由主語部分與謂語部分組成。具體地講，主要有下列六種句子成分：
1)主語(subject)它是句子所要說明的人或事物，是一句的`主體。如I study English(我學習英語)中的I。
2)謂語動詞(predicate verb)它是說明主語的動作或狀態的，如I study English中的study。
3)表語(predicative)它是放在連繫動詞之後表示主語的身分或特徵的，如I am a student(我是一個學生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我們的教室很乾淨)中的clean。
4)賓語(object)它是表示及物動詞動作的物件的，如I study English中的English。介詞後面的名詞或代詞，叫做介詞的賓語，如They don't work on Sunday(他們星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介詞on的賓語。
5)定語(attribute)它是限定或修飾名詞或代詞用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜歡喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。
6)狀語(adverbial)它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。
[注]虛詞在句子中一律不能作為句子成分。
