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A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are Losing
A. In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groups eager to curtail(縮減)regulations aimed at curbing greenhouse gases.
measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fuel and renewable new rules would trim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbon emissions from power plants.
the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，even in rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas.
D. The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable the issues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial(州長的)and state and federal legislative races to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution.
multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，ed confederation that includes the ber of Commerce，the National Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David and Charles e groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers.
proposed measures are similar from state to some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American Legislative Exchange Council(ALEC)，a nted group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy.“Now more than ever is the time for states to lead the way,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December.
coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few inding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved in Alabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and e other ouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model.
one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s power plant even that Kentucky,could backfire by giving up a chance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program.
I.“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said Gabe Eisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington.“Renewable energy is popular and has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry.”
A surprisingly tough fight
as might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding.
state was a promising choice for a foray(攻擊)against rules known as renewable-energy h set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric ations of these rules have been adopted in about 30 though Congress did not pass a federal version of the Kansas，a law passed in 2009 requires utilities to use wind and solar power to generate at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2016 and 20 percent by 2020.
coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for le came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for addition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Koch brothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate(集團) state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one of the greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are making very positive contributions.”Hedke
