Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Worried about what people are saying about you? Concerns about gossip could influence behavior, including generosity, researchers said.
"As it turns out, the act of gossip can indeed be quite powerful," said Jared Piazza of Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Piazza and Jesse M. Beringa studied the (36) of 72 college students who were asked to distribute tokens (代金券) with a monetary value between themselves and someone else.
Half of the group were (37) told their decision would be discussed with a third party.
"Participants who were told that the receiver would be communicating their economic decision with the third party were (38) more generous in their allocations of the tokens than participants who were not (39) to believe that their decisions would be discussed," Piazza and Beringa said in the study published in the journal Human Behavior.
They added that the most (40) strategy from an economic standpoint would have been for a student to (41) all 10 tokens to him or herself, but the threat of gossip seemed to have (42) their decision.
Although gender did not play a major role in the study, men were slightly more (43) than women.
"Allocations of males were, on average, slightly greater than allocations of females, although there were almost twice as many female participants," the researchers(44).
A previous study showed that gossip is more powerful than truth, suggesting people believe what they hear through the grapevine even if they have evidence to the(45).
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【參考譯文】
在意別人對你的看法嗎?研究人員稱，在意別人的流言蜚語會影響你的行為，包括你的慷慨程度。
北愛爾蘭貝爾法斯特皇后大學的賈裡德·皮亞扎說：“事實證明，流言的力量的確很強大。”
皮亞扎和傑西·M.貝林加讓72名大學生給自己和其他人分發具有貨幣價值的代金券，並對他們的[36]反應進行了研究。
這些大學生中的一半人[37]還被告知他們的分配結果會被第三方討論。
皮亞扎和貝林加在發表於《人類行為》期刊的研究論文中指出：“那些知道分到代金券的人會將他們的.分配結果告訴第三方的分配者，在分配的時候比那些未C39]被告知他人將議論這一結果的分配者[38]明顯要慷慨得多。”
研究人員還補充道，從經濟角度考慮，最[40]有利的分配策略是把所有l0張代金券都[41]分給自己，但對於流言的畏懼似乎[42]影響了他們的決定。
儘管性別差異不是該項研究的重點，但男性比女性還是要略微E43]慷慨一些。
研究人員[44]補充說：“儘管參與該研究的女性數量幾乎為男性的兩倍，但平均來看，男性分給他人的代金券還是要略多於女性。”
此前的一項研究表明，流言比事實更有威力。這意味著人們更容易相信小道訊息，即使他們掌握了實際上[45]相反的依據也依然如此。
【說明文：對流言的顧忌會影響人的行為】
第一至二段：在意別人的流言蜚語會影響一個人的行為，而且這種影響力還很強大。
第三至六段：介紹兩位研究人員的實驗內容、實驗結論和分析。
第七至八段：雖然都顧忌流言，但男性總體上還是要比女性更慷慨一些。
第九段：此前的研究表明，流言的威力可能比事實還要大，因為人們更願意相信小道訊息。
【答案解析】
36.E
語法判斷：空格前面是studiedthe，空格後是of，故應填入名詞。
語義判斷：備選項中可以確定為名詞的只有reactions，另外還有一個詞thought，它既可作名詞，也可以作動詞的過去式。根據語義判斷，只有reactions符合語義。故正確選項為E。
37.L
語法判斷：除去空格，句子非常完整，語法上沒有句子成分欠缺。因此，空格中所填詞彙應當不是句子的主幹成分，即不是主、謂、賓，而是句子的補充成分，最有可能是副詞。
語義判斷：備選項裡副詞有：still、significantly和also。從上下文語義進行判斷，此句意為：“這些大學生中的一半人還被告知他們的分配結果會被第三方討論。”因此.正確選項應為also。
38.H
語法判斷：除去空格，這個句子從語法上講也很完整。因此，空格中所填詞彙可能也是副詞。
語義判斷：該句大意為：“被告知分配結果會被第三方知道的人，比那些未被告知的人明顯要慷慨得多。”備選項中的副詞只剩下still和significantly，綜合考慮，significantly更符合語義上的要求。
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