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Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.
B) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.
C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.
D) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.
10. A) Press the right-hand lever first.
B) Produce the appropriate sound.
C) Raise their heads above the water.
D) Swim straight into the same tank.
11. A) Both dolphins were put in the same tank.
B) The male dolphin received more rewards.
C) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.
D) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Good or bad, they are there to stay.
B) Believe it or not, they have survived.
C) Like it or not, you have to use them.
D) Gain or lose, they should be modernised.
13. A) The frequent train delays. C) The food sold on the trains.
B) The monopoly of British Railways. D) The high train ticket fares.
14. A) Competition from other modes of transport.
B) The low efficiency of their operation.
C) Constant complaints from passengers.
D) The passing of the new transport act.
15. A) They will be de-nationalised.
B) They lose a lot of money.
C) They are fast disappearing.
D) They provide worse service.
【聽力部分-長對話參考答案】
9.C 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
【聽力部分-長對話聽力理解原文】
Conversation One
W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Dr Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Buzz and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
M: So how did he do it exactly?
W: Well, first of all he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly they were rewarded with fish.
M: Sounds terribly complicated ...
W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Dr Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and the light were set up in exactly the same way, except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Buzz whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.
M: So did it work?
W: Well – amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100% success rate ...
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. What is the purpose of Dr Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?
10. What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light? 11. How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?
Conversation Two
W: There’s an element there about competition, though, isn’t there? Because British Railways are a nationalised industry, there’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular can of baked beans, you can go and buy another, but if you don’t like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another.
M: Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn’t have a monopoly, you wouldn’t be able to do the things you do. Well, I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946 when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalised.
W: Do you think that’s a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to be nationalised?
M: Oh, I think so, yes. Because in general, modes of transport are all around, let’s face the fact. The car arrived, the car is here to stay. There’s no question about that. W: So what you’re saying then is that if the railways hadn’t been nationalised, they would simply have disappeared.
M: Oh, I think they would have. They’re disappearing fast in America. Er, the French railways lose £1 billion a year, the German railways £2 billion a year. But you see, those governments are prepared to pour money into the transport system to keep it going.
W: So in a sense you’re caught between two extremes, on the one hand you’re trying not to lose too much money, and on the other hand you’ve got to provide the best service.
M: Yes, you’re right.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What does the woman say about British Railways?
13. What do some people who write to the man complain about?
14. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?
15. What does the man say about railways in other countries?
