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Female Oppression
No one who has studied history, even superficially, will for a moment dispute the statement that there has brooded very steadily over1 the female half of the human family an air of repression, of limitation, of hindrance , of disability, of gloom, of servitude. If there have been epochs during which women have been regarded equal to men, they have been brief and abnormal.
Among the Hindus2, woman was the slave of man , forbidden to speak the language of her master, and compelled to use the patois3 of the slaves. The Hebrews pronounced her an afterthought4 of the Deity, and the mother of all evils. The Greek law regarded her as a child, and held her in life -long tutelage. The Greek philosophers proclaimed her a “monster”,“ an accidental production”. Medieval councils declared her unfit for instruction. The early Christian fathers denounced her as a“ noxious animal”, a“painted temptress”, a“ necessary evil”,“a desirable calamity”, and a“ domestic peril”.
In marriage she has been a serf; as a mother she has been robbed of her children; in public instruction she has been ignored; in labor she has been a menial, and then inadequately compensated; civilly she has been a minor, and politically she has had no existence. She has been the equal of man only when punishment and the payment of taxes were in question5 .
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions and do not refer to the pass age until you finish the exercise :
1. There has brooded very steadily________ the female half of the human family an air of repression.
2. Women have never been regarded ________equal man .
3. As a mother she has been robbed ________her children.
4. She has been the equal of man only when punishment and the payment of taxes were ________question.
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with proper words :
In marriage she has been a ______( 奴隸) ; as a mother she has been_____( 使失去) of her children; in public instruction she has been ______( 忽視) ; in labor she has been a ______( 僕人) , and then inadequately ______( 補償) ; civilly she has been a minor, and politically she has had no ______( 存在) .
參考答案 Ⅰ. 1. over 2 . to 3 . of 4 . in Ⅱ. serf / robbed / ignored / menial / compensated / existence
參考譯文
受壓迫的女性
學過歷史的人, 即使只是淺嘗輒止, 學了一點皮毛知識, 也不會立刻對下面這句話持有異議: 在人類家庭中佔半壁江山的女性身上一直籠罩著壓抑的、受限制的、被阻礙的、無能為力的、憂鬱的和被奴役的氣氛。如果歷史上存在女人與男人一視同仁的時期的話, 那麼 這段時期一定非常短暫而又有悖常理。
在印度人眼裡, 女人是男人的奴隸, 她們被禁止使用主人的語言, 而只能使用奴隸的語言; 希伯來人宣稱女人是上帝在造出亞當之後才造出來的, 還認為她是萬惡之源; 希臘法律將女人視為孩子, 對她進行終身監護。希臘哲學家則將女人稱為“ 怪物”, 還說女人是“ 附 屬品”; 中世紀的地方議會稱女人不適合接受教育; 早期的基督教教父們公開指責女人是 “ 有害動物”、“ 虛偽的妖婦”、“ 不可避免的罪惡”、“ 誘人的災難”和“ 家中的危險人物”。
在婚姻中, 女人像奴隸一樣受到男人壓制; 作為母親, 她的孩子被搶走; 在普及大眾教 育的時候, 女人被人遺忘; 生產勞動時, 她又成為卑微的僕人, 事後得不到應有的補償; 從公 民權利角度說, 她微不足道; 在政治領域, 她也沒有生存空間。只有在實施懲罰和交納稅款 的時候, 她才獲得同男人平等的地位。
閱讀導評
在男性統治的世界裡, 女性不可避免地淪為被壓迫、被歧視、被損毀的物件。即使在今 天, 法律上已經賦予了女性完全等同於男性的地位, 但看不見的歧視依然存在。真正實現 男女平等, 任重而道遠。
閱讀導釋
1. brood over v. 籠罩, 如: A cloud is brooding over the hills. ( 一片烏雲籠罩著山崗。) 後面的 air 指的'是“籠罩在女性身上的氣氛”。
2. Hindus n. 印度人, 印度教教徒。文章後面還出現了Hebrew ( n. 希伯來人) , 主要是用來 稱呼從猶太人的始祖亞伯拉罕到率領猶太人逃脫埃及的摩西這段時期的古猶太人。希 伯來人最初居住在阿拉伯半島東南部, 後經兩河流域遷到巴勒斯坦。
3. patois n. 方言, 土語。本文中是指“( 奴隸的) 語言”。意義與其相似的單詞還有dialect, vernacular 等。
4. afterthought n. 後來新增的東西, 事後產生的想法。這裡是指“ 上帝在造出亞當以後, 為 了怕他寂寞而造出女人夏娃”。
5. 正被考慮的, 正在談論的, 如: The woman in question is sitting over there. ( 提到的那個女人就在那裡坐著呢)
