想要學好英語六級怎麼能不知道這些高階語法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
平行結構
在英語中，當兩個或兩個以上的同等成分(主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補足語等)並列時，要求它們的詞性或結構相同，即名詞對名詞，介詞短語對介詞短語，分詞對分詞，句子對句子等等。這就是英語的平行結構準則。一般在使用並列連詞如and, but, or, neither … nor, either … or, not only .. but also, both … and, more(less) … than, as well as，rather… than等時，要注意不要違反平行結構準則。
He likes watching TV more than reading books.
The soldier preferred to die rather than surrender.
We saw Tom walking towards the river, taking off his clothes and plunging into the water.
Censorship prevents a movie from being shown or a book being sold.
強調句
英語中表示強調的8種方式
1.用形容詞“very”，“single”等表示強調
are the very person I'm looking for.
你就是我要找的那個人。
Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.
紅軍就在此地打過一仗。
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
今天下午竟然沒有一個人來過辦公室。
2.用反身代詞表示強調
e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.
我將親自到車站為她送行。
You can do it well yourself.
你自己能做好這件事情。
3.用助詞“do/does/did+動詞原形”表示強調
baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.
那孩子的健康狀況尚好，但就是偶爾患感冒。
Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.
務必安靜，我告訴過你，我頭疼。
4.用“ that”，“ those”，等結構表示強調
fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.
他們在幾天內完成的就是那項任務。
I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.
前天我送給她的就是那些禮物。
5.用雙重否定結構表示強調
e is no reason why this new immigrant should not have the same success.
完全有理由相信這些新移民應該擁有相同的成功。
A man can never have too many ties.
一個男人有再多的'領帶也不為過。
I can't thank you too much.
我無論怎樣感謝你都不過份。
A mother can never be patient enough with her child.
I am not unfaithful to you.我對你無比忠誠。
6.用短語“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示強調
behaviour was in every way perfect.
他的舉止確實無可挑剔。
The news was only too true.
這訊息確實是事實。
Where in heaven were you then?
當時你到底在哪裡?
7.用倒裝句表示強調
8.用強調句型表示強調
It is that或 It is who
was the headmaster who opened the door for me.
正是校長為我開的門。
It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment.
就是在昨天我們做了那個實驗。
Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時態
1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語態
可以有兩種被動結構的型別,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語動詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動語態)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)
I am trying to give up smoking.
Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
狀語從句
狀語從句：兩個獨立的句子中間用一些含義不同的連線詞連線;狀語從句用來表達兩個句子之間的邏輯關係;分成原因狀語、條件狀語、結果狀語、時間狀語、地點狀語、讓步狀語、目的狀語、比較狀語、方式狀語等九大型別;
eg：I got up late.
I was late for school.
Because I got up late, I was late for school. (原因狀語從句)
I got up late，so I was late for school. (結果狀語從句)
1、地點狀語：
地點狀語從句通常由where，wherever，everywhere 引導;
eg：Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever you work, you will gain much valuable experience as long as you are willing to work.
Wherever=no matter where
Everywhere they went, they were warmly received.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
where：不能翻譯成在……地方時，通常翻譯為如果，表示在……條件下;
eg: Where you are confident，you will succeed.
eg：Where previously the bank had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects , such as dams, roads and bridges，it begin to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.
concentrated on ：集中於……
2、方式狀語從句：
方式狀語從句通常由as，as if，as though，the way，what引導;
eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do.
(1)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像";
(2)as if/though："彷彿……似的"，"好像……似的";
有時用虛擬語氣，有時不用;
eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
(實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
(3)the way：可以連線兩個句子，表達就像……一樣;
eg：I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
(4)what：就像，猶如;
eg：Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
句型：A is to B what C is to D.
eg：A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
put sb. on a path to a solution：找到解決的辦法;
3、目的狀語從句
可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等詞引導;
lest：以防，從句中的謂語動詞必須用should+動詞原形;
eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
in case：以防，與lest不同，從句裡的時態不做特殊變化;
eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
for feat that：和lest保持一致;
eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
let…down…：讓……感到氣餒。
4、比較狀語從句：
than，as…as…，not so as…，(not) the same as，the+比較級;
eg：Light travels fast than sound.
the+比較級：
eg：The sooner，the better.
(1)當……的時候：while，when，as ;
when：強調一件事情正在發生的時候，另外一件事情突然發生;
eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.
while：強調兩個動作同時進行，一邊……一邊……;
eg：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.
as："隨時間推移"
eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.
(2)一……就……：as soon as，主將從現;用directly，immediately， instantly連線兩個句子;一些名詞如the minute，the moment，the instant也可表示;no sooner…than，hardly… when後面的句子需要倒裝;
eg：I will write to you the moment/minute I arrived in Paris.
(3)特殊單詞：by the time that，every/each time(使用時後面不要再加when)
(4)till&until：
① 肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時"，動詞必須是延續性的;
否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"，一般用until，動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以;
eg: I slept until midnight.
Wait till I call you.
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
② Until可用於句首，而till通常不用於句首，通常用於句中;
eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.
5、結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導;so保留，that可以省略;如此……以至於……;
eg：He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.
He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.
He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.
比較：so和 such
(1)so：so +形容詞、副詞+that;so+形容詞+a/an+名詞+that;
eg：The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
It was so hot a day that crops wilted.
He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.
(2)such：such+a/an+形容詞+名詞+that
eg：It was such a hot day that crops wilted.
He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.
