當前位置:才華齋>英語>考研英語>

英語倒裝結構詳解

考研英語 閱讀(1.36W)

想要考好考研英語怎麼能不知道倒裝結構呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

英語倒裝結構詳解

在英語的語言實踐中,由於語法結構的要求,或是由於修辭的需要,往往要改變句子的自然語序,把一些本應置於主語之後的句子成分提到主語之前。我們把這種語序的變化稱為“倒裝語序”。這樣的倒裝語序可能使句子的內在含義產生細微的、甚至明顯的改變。只有瞭解引起倒裝的'原因,才能更準確地理解句子的含義。倒裝語序分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝(Full Inversion),又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用於一般現在時和一般過去時。部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)(又稱半倒裝句),指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需新增助動詞do, does或did,並將其置於主語之前。

考研英語翻譯中倒裝結構的突破口在於:識別出倒裝結構,並判斷出主語和謂語,找到句子主幹,理清句中各部分的關係。翻譯時既可以按照主謂語的順序翻譯,也可以按照英語表達順序翻譯。

真題例句1】

With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.

【解析】

第一個句子主語centralization後面緊跟著第二個句子介紹centralization的內容,為使其保持緊湊,所以將介詞短語With economic growth置於句首,第一個句子採用完全倒裝結構。正常語序應該是:Centralization has come with economic growth。全句共有3個謂語動詞:has come,live和have been abandoned,分號連線了兩個獨立的句子,所以主句的謂語動詞是:has come和live,where引導的定語從句修飾cities。

【參考譯文】

隨著經濟的增長,集中現象到來了;日本1.19億人口中的76%都住在城市。在城市中,社群和大家庭遭人拋棄,取而代之的是分離的、兩代人構成的家庭。

【真題例句2】

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

【解析】

句子主語regions還帶有一個介詞短語of isolated volcanic activity和過去分詞短語known to geologists as hot spots作後置定語,使得主語部分較長,為保持句子平衡,將分詞短語scattered around the globe置於句首,引起倒裝。按照正常語序句子主幹應該是:More than 100 small regions … are scattered around the globe。此句為簡單句,所以只有1個謂語動詞are。

【參考譯文】

100多個分離的火山活動的小型區域分佈全球各地,地質學家稱它們為熱點

  延伸閱讀:

眾所周知,在考研英語閱讀文章中,經濟類詞彙佔據了一席之地,並且所佔的比重在英語二當中則更大,那麼這就意味著在前期的基礎階段,大家要更多的去接觸與經濟相關的東西。單從理解程度來講,詞彙的重要性更是不言而喻。想要很好的理解文章,就要在詞彙層面上對原有的簡單單詞在經濟類現象中的意思瞭如指掌。下面跨考教育英語教研室為考生列舉部分在經濟類文章中常見的詞彙,單詞均為基礎詞彙,在經濟背景下他們又被賦予了新的意思,加以總結與領悟,方能讓大家的複習更加輕鬆和高效!

Benefit 利益,好處

Balance 結餘;餘款

This year’s profit will balance our previous losses.

Bond 債券,契約

My father put all his money into stock market bonds.

Brisk 生氣勃勃的,興隆的

The public bar was already doing a brisk business.

Budget 預算;做預算

Budget office 預算局 cut down the budget

Cancel 相互抵消 cancel out 抵償

The losses in our overseas division have cancelled out the profits made in the home market.

Bubble 泡沫,幻影

Bubble economy

Curb 抑制

The government introduced new measures aimed at curbing inflation.

Currency 貨幣

The Euro will ultimately replace European national currencies.

Decline 下滑

Computer sales declined 6.8 percent this year.

Deficit 赤字,逆差

A budget deficit a trade deficit

Depress 使經濟蕭條

Several factors combined to depress the Japan’s economy.

Dividend 紅利,股息

The company declared a large dividend at the end of the year.

Drastic 嚴厲的

A drastic reduction in employment

Inflation 通貨膨脹

Inflation rate

Issue 發行

Issue shares

Levy 徵收稅

Levy a tax on firms

Foam 泡沫

Foam economy

Rate 價格,費用

Saving 儲蓄,存款;節約的;

Bank savings

Item 物品,商品

You can get its items you want in our supermarket.

Installment 分期付款

Buy goods on the installment plan have become quite popular in recent years.

Merchandise 商品 貨物

Monopoly 壟斷,專賣

The telecommunication service in the country is a government 沒monopoly.

Premium (投保人向保險公司支付的) 保險金;獎金;額外津貼

Insurance premium premium system

Promote 促銷,推銷

er is going to London to promote his company’s new product.

Refund 退還,償還

One can return the purchase within 15 days for a full refund.

Turnover 成交量,營業額

Trademark 商標