三、內容明晰
句子不論長短,不論結構簡單還是複雜,內容都必須明晰。影響句子清晰度的因素主要有:
1、用詞不當
遣詞用字必須準確,否則很可能會造成歧義。例:
模糊:We Chinese workers all enjoy public medical care.
清楚:We Chinese workers all enjoy free medical care.
漢語中的公費醫療不能用public medical care來表示,因為public意為公有的`、公共的,這裡所說的公費醫療實質上就是免費醫療。
2、代詞指代不明
代詞必須有所指,而且要指代清楚。請看下面的例子:
模糊:When we got to the factory, they all went out to give us a warm welcome.
清楚:When we got to the factory, the workers all went out to give us a warm welcome.
在口語中,代詞you, they, it等常用來含糊地指代人和事,但在書面表達中,指代需要更確切一些。
模糊:Mrs Brown told Mrs White that her son was playing in her garden.
清楚:Mrs Brown told Mrs White, Your son was playing in my garden.
3、修飾語錯置
原則上,修飾性詞語應儘量貼近所修飾的詞,否則就可能會造成含義不清或句意改變的情況。例: