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Find a mentor
找一個導師
Luke had Yoda. The Karate Kid had Mr. Miyagi. I'm sure Kung Fu Panda had somebody but I never saw that movie. You get the picture. When I spoke to Anders Ericsson, the professor who did the research behind the "10,000 hour rule" he said mentors were vital. But you knew that already. So what does the research show about mentors that most people get wrong? Merely finding someone to help you that is already an expert doesn't cut it.
就像星際大戰中的盧克有絕地大師，龍威小子有宮城先生，功夫熊貓也有個師傅，雖然我沒有看過電影。但是我想你明白了有個導師重要性。曾為“一萬個小時理論”作調研的Aders Ericsson, 說有個導師對於成功是非常重要的。你們很多人都知道，也有導師,為什麼最後的結果還是不理想，因為很多人都沒有選對人。
When I spoke to Shane Snow, author of Smartcuts, he said your mentor needs to care about you. Here's Shane: In great mentorship relationships the mentor doesn't just care about the thing that you're learning, they care about how your life goes. They are with you for the long haul. They are willing to say, "No," and to tell you what you're doing is wrong. Those kinds of relationships yield outsized results in terms of future salaries and happiness.
我曾和《Smartcuts》的作者肖恩斯諾談及此事，他的觀點是導師不僅是在專業領域能幫助你的人，同時對你的生活也要有所關心。你們是長期的指導關係，在你做的不當的時候會適時阻止並且指點你。他會使你在將來的潛在收入和幸福感方面都獲益。
Start with what's important
先學關鍵的內容
David Epstein put it simply: "The hallmark of expertise is figuring out what information is important." There are many components to any skill but practicing them all doesn't produce the same results. When I spoke to Tim Ferriss, bestselling author of The 4-Hour Workweek he said: Do an 80-20 analysis and ask yourself, "Which 20 percent of these things I need to learn will get me 80 percent of the results that I want?"
評判一個專家的標準就是對於重要資訊判斷的準確性。技能的訓練有不同的方法，但達到的.效果未必相同。暢銷書《The 4-Hour Workweek》的作者Tim認為：二八原則可以幫助你分析，要學習哪20% 來達到80%的效果?
When Tim was learning chess from champion Josh Waitzkin (whose life was the basis for the film Searching for Bobby Fischer) they did things the opposite from how most chess instruction works. They didn't start with the beginning of a chess game. They jumped straight to key moves that are applicable to the majority of interactions on the board. This allowed Tim to hang with top players after only a few days of practice.
他師從Josh Waitzkin(基本是電影“王者之旅”的現實版)學習國際象棋，不同於先打基本功，而是在棋譜上學習足以招架大部分進攻的招式。短短几天Tim 就可以和高手對弈了。
The #4 "Train like you fight"
把每一次訓練都當成實戰
When I spoke to Special Forces Lieutenant Colonel Mike Kenny he told me, "Train like you fight." You want your practice to be as similar to the real thing as possible. And research backs Mike up. Not only will you be better prepared, but you learn much better when the context you practice in matches the context you will eventually perform in. How strong is this effect? Insanely strong.
當我和特種部隊上尉Mike Kenny 取經時，他說祕訣是“把每一次訓練都當成實戰”。研究結果支援他的說法，你需要的不僅僅是充分的準備，只有自己帶入真實的情境來訓練才能最終取得成績。那要多真實?越真實越好。
part 2Study less. Test more.
少學多練
Get your nose out of that book. Avoid the classroom. Whatever it is you want to be the best at, be doing it. Here's Dan Coyle:Our brains evolved to learn by doing things, not by hearing about them. This is one of the reasons that, for a lot of skills, it's much better to spend about two thirds of your time testing yourself on it rather than absorbing it. There's a rule of two thirds. If you want to, say, memorize a passage, it's better to spend 30 percent of your time reading it, and the other 70 percent of your time testing yourself on that knowledge.
不要死盯著書本，也不要去教室。做你任何想做且能做好的事情。Dan Colye (《一萬個小時天才理論》作者) 認為，我們大腦通過練習來學習，而不僅僅是靠聽，大部分技能，要花三分之二的時間來練習，不僅僅是單純的學習。這就是三分之二規律。比如說，你要記憶一片文章，花30%的時間來讀，70%的時間來測試你是否記得裡面的內容。
Naps are steroids for your brain
小睡更有助於大腦活躍
If you're not getting enough sleep, you're not learning as well as you could be. In fact, research shows there is a correlation between student grades and average amount of sleep.
如果你睡不夠，你也會學不好。事實上有研究表面，學生的學習成績與平均睡眠時間長短正相關。
Via NurtureShock: Teens who received As averaged about 15 more minutes sleep than the B students, who in turn averaged 15 more minutes than the C's, and so on. Wahlstrom's data was an almost perfect replication of results from an earlier study of over 3,000 Rhode Island high schoolers by Brown's Carskadon. Certainly, these are averages, but the consistency of the two studies stands out. Every 15 minutes busy to get eight hours? I hear you. Naps to the rescue!
NurtureShock 如是說：青少年學習成績平均得A的學生比平均成績得B的學生多睡15分鐘，平均成績B的比平均成績得C的平均多睡15分鐘，以此類推。Wahlstrom所的出的資料結論與之前由Brown 選取羅得島高中3000人所得出的結論如出一轍。15分鐘所體現的價值(劃分的層次)。睡不滿8個小時，懂你。那就讓小睡來拯救你。
