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In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 51 —— 55, choose the most suitable one from the list A. - [G] to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today' s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.
(1)_________ Humanity has the necessary aggro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(2) _________This is a shame--the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004, (3)_________
When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community' s work contribute much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (4)_________ This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today' s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (5)_________ That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
A. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-o dented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
B. However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
C. the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[ E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior, all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing dean energy.
[ F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
[ G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds--including government, higher education, no-profit and corporate--varied from around 4% to 25% ; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
答案及解析
1.E【解析】本題是順接關係題。該空格位於第二段中間。空格之前為“這麼巨大的資源卻不夠應對今天全球面臨的諸如氣候變化、安全、可持續發展以及健康等挑戰。”空格之後則談到了“人類要藉助從基因工程作物到人工化肥等必要的農業科技工具來消除飢餓。”可見空格處所填入的句子應該起到承上啟下的作用，即既談到全球問題，又涉及解決這些問題，瀏覽所有選項，只有E項既提到了“these issues”，即上文所列舉的那些全球問題，又談到了應對氣候變化的例子，也即解決這些問題的實踐。
2.F【解析】本題是轉折關係題。該空格位於第三段段首。第二段段末作者提到目前全球面臨的問題一定程度上也是社會性的，因此也應該是社會科學研究的範疇。而空格之後出現“這是個恥辱——社會科學界本應該抓住機遇提升自己在真實世界中的影響”，由此可以推斷意義出現轉折，空格處應該表達社會科學家沒能應對全球問題，提升社會科學在真實世界中影響的'意思，F項提到有很多的問題需要社會科學的研究，但許多社會科學家卻不願意處理這些問題，這正是社會學家沒能為解決真實世界中的問題做出貢獻的例項。
3.B【解析】本題是轉折關係題。該空格位於第五段段末。空格所在段給出了明確的線索詞“Ⅱle number of papers”以及“keywords”.瀏覽各選項可以明顯發現B選項中幾個關鍵詞全部出現，同時B項表明社會科學研究論文的總量仍然很小，這與前文指出的“社會科學研究論文增長速度很快”構成對比，說明社會科學研究仍然有著很大的提升空間，符合本文論調。
4.G【解析】本題是順接關係題。該句位於第七段中間。空格之前同樣出現了明顯的線索“the amount of available fundin9”，同時結合空格之後“只要用對地方，這些資金足夠了”，可以推知空格處所填入的句子主要討論資金的數量。瀏覽各選項，發現只有G項出現了關鍵詞fund，同時該句話也確實在討論社會科學研究的資金數量問題。
5.C【解析】本題是順接關係題。該句位於第八段中間。空格之前提到歐洲聯盟框架資助專案“2014年將開始實行一個全新的專案：地平線2020，這個專案將不再設有這項專項基金。這個決定導致了社會科學家的抗議。但是，這個決定的意圖並非忽視社會科學;相反，是想要推動社會科學”，由此可以推測下文即將解釋為什麼這個決定將要推動社會科學的發展。空格之後的部分則提到“讓社會科學更多地與其他領域合作”，暗示加強學科間合作是其中一個原因。瀏覽各個選項發現，C項中force socialscience to integrate their work with other categories正是對空格之後collaborative endeavors的同義復現，同時該句也解釋了為什麼這個決定將要推動社會科學的發展。
參考譯文
社會科學正在日益繁榮。2005年，全世界各個領域共計約有五十萬專業社會科學家在學術界內外工作。2010年《世界社會科學報告》稱全球社會科學學生人數自2000年以來已經實現了每年大約ll%的增長。然而這麼巨大的資源卻不夠應對今天全球面臨的諸如氣候變化、安全、可持續發展以及健康等挑戰。
(1)這些問題的根源都在於人類行為。這些問題都需要行為改變、社會創新，以及科技發展。例如，遏制氣候變暖與改變消費模式和提高稅率有關，也與發展清潔能源有關。人類要藉助從基因工程作物到人工化肥等必要的農業科技工具來消除飢餓。同樣，這些問題也是社會性的：食物、財富和福祉的組織與分發。
(2)儘管有這麼多的因素需要社會科學，許多社會科學家卻不願意處理這些問題。在歐洲，一些社會科學家全副武裝起來反抗一項旨在減少某社會科學研究基金專案的提議，反對將這項基金併入到關於可持續發展的前沿研究課題當中。這是個恥辱——社會科學界本應該抓住機遇提升自己在真實世界中的影響。援引偉大的社會科學家約瑟夫·熊彼得的話：如果沒有創造性的毀滅，就沒有突破性的創新。
今天，社會科學很大程度上關注的仍然是學科內問題和國際上的學術討論，而非有著外部影響的話題。
有分析表明，包含“環境變化”或者“氣候變化”關鍵詞的論文自2004年以來快速增長。(53)但是，總體數量仍然很小：2010年，全球發表的共計l00 7000篇社會科學論文中只有1600篇含有上述兩個關鍵詞中的一個。
當社會科學家確實處理這些實際問題的時候。他們的視野往往侷限在當地：比如，比利時的社會科學家只對比利時的貧困問題有興趣。學術界的研究能在多大程度上為知識的總體積累做出貢獻仍然是個未知數。問題不一定是出在可用的資金上。(54)在20世紀90年代後期。對社會科學和人文學科的全國性資金支援，包括來自政府的、高等教育機構的、非盈利組織以及企業的，總計佔到全部科學研究資金的4%一25%，在多數歐洲國家，這個比例達到l5%。只要用對地方，這些資金足夠了。那些抱怨缺少資金支援的社會科學家不應該在當前的經濟形勢下仍然抱有更大的期望。
關鍵在於更好地運用這些資金。歐洲聯盟框架資助專案長久以來有一項專門面向社會科學家。今年，有人提議更改這個體系：2014年將開始實行一個全新的專案：地平線2020，這個專案將不再設有這項專項基金。這個決定導致了社會科學家的抗議。但是，這個決定的意圖並非忽視社會科學;相反，是想要推動社會科學。(55)這項決定的題中之義是要強迫社會科學與包括健康，人口變化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物經濟學、清潔能源，以及其他包容性、創新性和安全學科等其他領域的合作。這將會讓社會科學更多地與其他領域合作，幫助社會科學去發展直接解決全球問題的專案。
