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There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding.31 The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else.32Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don' t have any difficulty in ing the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.
The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely un- derstand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader' s understanding.33Otherwise one per- son could never learn from another. Here "learning" means understanding more, not remembering more information.
What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding.34Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Sec-ond, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved.
35It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for under- standing or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.
A. The writer should have a better communicating skill.
B. Such communication between unequals must be possible.
C. We can get access to the content of those materials easily.
D. The writer must be "superior" to the reader in understanding.
E. Thus, we can employ the word "reading" in two distinct senses.
F. Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.
G. Besides gaining information and understanding, there' s another goal of reading-enter-tainment.
第一種閱讀是讀報紙、雜誌等的閱讀。我們輕易地就能抓住這些材料的內容。這些材料能增加我們的知識儲備，但卻不能提高我們的認識。而且顯然我們在獲取新資訊的時候沒有任何困難，因為在開始閱讀之前，我們的理解力和這些材料就是等同的。否則，我們會感到困惑而震驚。第二種閱讀指的是讀那些我們不能一下子完全理解的東西。這裡需要讀的東西一開始要優於或說高於讀者的理解。作者想要表達的內容能夠提升讀者的認識。這種不平等的人之間的`交流一定是有可能的。否則一個人就不能從另一個人那裡學到東西。這裡“學”指的是理解得更多，而不是記住更多資訊。
這種閱讀是在什麼狀況下發生的呢?首先，兩者的認識之間存在差異。作者的認識一定要“優於”讀者。此外，他的書裡一定要傳達一種潛在讀者缺乏的東西。第二。讀者在一定程度上要克服這種差異。而且他要一直試圖追上作者的認識水平。如果等夠達到等同，那么就實現了成功的交流。
除了獲取資訊和提高認識，閱讀還有一種目的——消遣。這是最輕鬆，需要花費力氣最少的閱讀。每個人都知道如何進行消遣性的閱讀。實際上，任何能拿來提高認識和獲取資訊的書大概也能用來消遣閱讀。
答案及解析
31.E【解析】根據第二段第一句的“The first sense is the one...”和第三段第一句的“The second sense is the one in which we…”可知E選項符合題意。故選E項。
32.C【解析】下文中提到“Such materials may increase our store of infor-marion，but they cannot improve our understanding.”，而且選項C也提到了materials一詞，故選C項。
33.B【解析】前面兩句中說作家的作品中有些讀者不知道的內容，是需要讀者認真領會的，因而作家與讀者在知識上是不對等的(s)。空格後的句子Otherwise one person could never leam fromanother.表示“否則一個人不可能從另一個人那裡學到東西”，該句也解釋了unequals(兩個水平不同的人)的含義。同時，從行文上看，空前一句提到了communicating，而只有B項中的suchcommunication與之銜接緊密。
34.D【解析】D選項The writer must be“superior”to the reader in under-standing(作者必須比讀者的理解力強)與本段第二句“First，thereis inequality in understanding.”相符。故選D項。
35.G【解析】下文內容是上文內容的一個延續，與上文為遞進關係，所以用besides開頭。本段後面出現了兩次entertainment也提示答案為G項。
