假如掌握了語法,做起英文練習就快了。下面是小編整理的全國英語等級考試二級語法知識,希望對大家有用,更多訊息請關注應屆畢業生網。
用一般過去時代替完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
過去完成時典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left
B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意:
had no … when 還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
過去完成時
1) 概念:
表示過去的'過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語:
before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left.
現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重複性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示漸變的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反覆發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't findB. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。