PETS-3考試中語法佔到了很大比重。而各位考生由於很久未系統的複習英語，常常對考試中出現的語法題目感到很“苦手”。
本系列文章將對PETS-3常見的一些語法問題進行一下輔導，希望能對考生應付這些題目有所幫助。
一、形容詞和副詞
A. 形容詞
1、 形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用複數形式。如：
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：
冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如： the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容詞比較等級的形式
(1) 規則形式
一般說來，單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在後加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高階;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不規則形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than. 如：
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the +形容詞最高階(+名詞)+of(in) …"如：
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎麼讚揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我擔心的.一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎麼樣。
B.副詞
1、 副詞的種類
(1) 時間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地點副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高階前可省略定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已經發生，主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生，主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行，主要用於肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用於否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用於口語，一般放在句末，而also多用於書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建築物的高用high,並且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞後面。因此該題選B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用於肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用於否定句中，意為"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析：該題正確答案為B。A. deep用於副詞時，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。
二、it 與there be的用法
I.要點
1、it的用法
(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的無生命的事物，動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
(2)用來表示時間、天氣、距離等，如，It's twelve o'clock now.
It's fine today.
(3)用作引導詞，代替由不定式，ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語，如，
It's no good telling him that.
It's necessary for you to do so.
(4)用在強調結構中，構成強調句式：It is/was +被強調部分+that/who/whom +句子其餘部分，可強調除謂語以外的句子其他成分，如，
It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
英語表示某時某處或某物時，常用there be句型，這是一種倒裝結構，如，
There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
There is going to be a test this afternoon.
當主語有兩個或兩個以上時，動詞be常和最近的那個主語取得一致，如，
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型，謂語動詞除be之外，還可用其他表示存在，位置移動等意義的不及物動詞或片語，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，
There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有"，所以there be中 be不能換成have，但當have表示事物的特徵時，可用"主語+have"結構替換there be 句型，如：
There are five doors in the house.
The house has five doors.
there be 的其它句型：
1、There must be a meeting in the office.
2、There have been great changes since 1979.
3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I. 例題
例1 ____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight
C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight
解析：該題答案為C。強調until結構時，要將否定詞not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.
例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
A talk B talking C talked D to talk
解析：該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句，可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
三、連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連線並列關係的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連線代詞和連線副詞(引導名詞性從句)，關係代詞和關係副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和，並且
四、時態
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經常反覆的動作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去，對現在仍有影響，或動作一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候，而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。中華考試網
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。
