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閱讀理解 Text 2
Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that hands-free cellphones are just as harmful to drivers as hand-held ones because it is the conversation, not the phone, that is distracting(分散) their attention. "Even though your eyes are looking right at something, when you are on the cellphone, you are not as likely to see it," says Professor David Strayer. "Ninety- nine percent of the time, it' s not that critical(危機的), but that 1% could be the time a child runs into the street," he adds.
Dr. Strayer' s studies have also found that talking on a cellphone is far more distracting than talking with a passenger. Listening to the radio, to music or to a book on tape also isn' t as distracting, because it doesn' t require the same level of interaction as a conversation. But even drivers may miss some details of a book on tape if their attention is focused on driving tasks. some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important--like police officers learn to search faces in crowds.
And the Utah researchers have found a rare group of "super-taskers"--about 2.5 % of the pop-ulation--who seem able to attend to more than one thing with ease.
Many more people think they can effectively do several things at the same time, but they are really turning their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either. Clearly, it is easier to put some tasks together than others. "Not all distractions are the same," says Dr. Strayer. Things like cleaning and working out can be done automatically(自動的) while the mind is focused elsewhere. But doing homework and texting at the same time isn' t possible. Even talking and watching TV is difficult. "Just try talking with your wife while watching football. It' s impossible," jokes Dr. Strayer.
60. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The harm in using phones while driving.
B. The advantages of hand-held phones.
C. The danger of running in the street.
D. The causes of road accidents.
61. What does the example of police officers in Paragraph 2 show?A. Searching for faces require more attention than driving.
B. Talking to a crowd calls for a high level of attention.C. one' s attention can be easily distracted in crowds.
D. The ability to attend to two tasks can be trained.
62. "Super-taskers" can be best described as people who can________.
A. do several things effectively at the same time
B. turn their attention rapidly to two things
C. handle all difficult tasks with ease
D. pay full attention to one task
h of the following can you do while talking on the phone?
g homework.
B. Writing a letter.
C. Working out.
D. Watching TV.
閱讀理解 Text 2
在過去的十年中，猶他州大學進行的一項研究表明：司機開車時，擴音電話和手拿電話對司機的危害一樣大，因為分散他們注意力的不是是否手拿手機，而是電話內容。大衛·斯特雷耶教授說：“當你接電話時，即使你的眼睛是看著某個物體的，但是你的注意力不在，所以你視若無睹。…‘也就是說，在你接電話的99%的時間裡都是不危急的，但是還有1%的時間恰好是一個孩子衝向馬路的'時間。”他補充道。
斯特雷耶教授的研究還發現打電話時所分散的注意力遠遠超過和乘客講話時所分散的注意力。在開車時聽收音機、音樂或者聽磁帶評書也比不上打電話時所分散的注意力，因為這些活動不需要像打電話那樣互動。當然，司機集中精力開車時，也可能會錯過一些評書細節。有一些人通過訓練能夠分出額外的注意力在一些重要的事情上——警官們就學會了邊開車邊在人群中尋找目標。
猶他州大學的調查者們發現了一小群“超級任務者”——約佔人口2.5%，這類人能夠很輕鬆地把注意力放在幾件事情上。
很多人認為他們能在同一時間有效地做幾件事，實際上是他們的注意力在這幾件事情上快速轉換，而不是在每一件事情上能同時投入全部注意力。顯然，把一些任務放在一起注意比其他方法更容易。斯特雷耶教授說：“不是所有干擾都是一樣的。”當你的注意力在其他事情上時，也能自動地做像打掃衛生和鍛鍊這樣的事情。但是同時既做家庭作業和測試是不可能的。甚至邊講話邊看電視也是一件困難的事。“你只要試試在看足球比賽時和妻子講話，你就會發現這是不可能辦到。”斯特雷耶教授開玩笑說道。
60.A【精析】主旨題。題幹意為“第一段主要講什麼?”。從文章第一段第一句話可以看出，這是一句主題句，概述了第一段的內容：開車打電話是有危險的。故A正確。
61.D【精析】推理題。題幹意為“第二段中警官的例子說明什麼?”。從文章第二段最後一句話“some people can train themselves to payextra attention to things that are important--like police officers learnto search faces in crowds.”可以得知，這種能力是通過“train them—selves”獲得的。故D正確。
62.A【精析】推理題。題幹意為“ers最適合被描述成能幹什麼的人?”。從文章內容來看，在第三段“seem able to attend tomore than one thing with ease”，有能力輕鬆地把注意力放在幾件事情上的人。放A正確。
63.C【精析】推理題。題幹意為“在你講電話時能做哪件事?”。從文章最後一段的第四句可知，當你的注意力在其他事情上時，也能自動地做像打掃衛生和鍛鍊這樣的事情。故C正確。
