Section IIIReading Comprehension
(60 minutes)
Part A
Directions：
Read thefollowing four er the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.
Text l
No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli，especially in the two centuries following his he has since found many able champions and the tide has Prince has been termed a manual for tyrants，the effect of which has been most were Machiavelli’s doctrines really new? Did he discover them?He merely had the frankness and courage to write down what everybody was thinking and what everybody merely gives us the impressions he had received from a long and intimate inter— course with princes and the affairs of was Lord Bacon who said that Machiavelli tells us what princes如。not what they ought to Machiavelli takes Caesar Borgia as a model，he does not praise him as a hero at all，but merely as a prince who was capable of attaining the end in life of the state was the primary must be Machiavelli has laid down the principles，based upon his study andwide experience，by which this may be wrote from the viewpoint of the politician—— not llot of the is good politics may be bad morals，and in fact，by a strange fatality，where morals and politics clash，the latter generally gets the upper will anyone contend that the principles set brth by Machiavelli in his Prince or his Discourses have entirely perished from the earth?Has diplomacy been entirely stripped of fraud and duplicity?Let anyone read the famous eighteenth chapter of the Prince：“In what Manner Princes should Keep their Faith.”and he will be convinced that what was true nearly four hundred years ago，is quite as true today.
Of the remaining works of Machiavelli the most important is the History of Florence written between1521 and l525，and dedicated to ClementⅦ book is merely a rapid review of the Middle Ages，and as part of it the history of iavelli’s method has been criticized for adhering at times too closely to the chroniclers of his time，and at others rejecting their testimony without apparent reason，while in its details the authority of his History is often is the straightforward，logical narrative，which always holds the interest of the reader。that is the greatest charm of the History.
can be inferred from the beginning of the text that__________.
[A]many people used to think highly of Machiavelli
[B]Machiavelli had been very influential among the rulers
[C]Machiavelli was widely read among his contemporaries
[D]Machiavelli has been a target of criticism throughout history
Bacon’s remarks on Machiavelli is quoted as__________.
[A]a support for the author’s viewpoint
[B]one of the mainstream views on him
[C]a judgment in support of most critics
[D]a modification of the author’s previous stand
the case of Caesar Borgia，the author holds that__________.
rA]Machiavelli has been objective
[B]Machiavelli revealed his personality
[C]Caesar Borgia was a deserved model
[D]Machiavelli overvalued Caesar Borgia
rding to the author，a politician’s morality__________.
[A]is no match for his political ambition
[B]has been undIervalued by Machiavelli and his likes
[C]is usually of secondary importance
[D]should be taken as a yardstick of his capability
author’s opinion on Machiavelli’s History of Florence is that
[A]history has much to do with the person who records it
[B]the charm lies in the style rather than in the content
[C]most people failed to read Machiavelli’s intention in it
[D]any history of this kind should be written in this way
Text 2
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specializatiorL You find these careers in engineering，in production，in statistical work，and in there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance，people who perhaps do not know too much about any one e is，in other words，a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees，of making general can call these people“generalists” they are particularly needed for positions in administration，where it is their job to see that other people do their work，where they have to plan for other people，to organize other people’s work，to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field;his concern is with technique and is a“trained”man;and his edueational background is properly technical or generalists and especially theadministrators deal with people;his concern is with leadership，with planning，and with direction is an“educated”man;and the humanities are his strongest rarely is a specialist capable of being an very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular organization needs both kinds of people，though different organizations need them in different is your task to find out，during your training period，into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit，and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure ainly you should not change iobs constantly or people wiU become suspicious of your ability to hold any the same time，you must not look upon the first job as the final is primarily a training job，a chance to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
e is all increasing demand for__________.
[A]all round people in their own fields
[B]generalists who are capable of making general judgments
[C]people whose educational background is either technical or professional
[D3specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
specialist is__________.
[A]a man whose job is to train other people
[B]a man who has been trained in more than one field
[C]a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[D]a man whose concern is mainly with technique and tools
administrator is__________.
[A]a“trained”man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B]a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C]a man who is very strong in the humanities
[D]a man who is an“educated”specialist
ng your training period，it is important__________
[A]to try to be a generalist
[B]to choose a profitable job
[C]to find an organization which fits you
[D]to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
50.A man’s first job__________.
[A]is never the right job for him
[B3should not be regarded as his final job
[C]should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
[D]is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Text 3
On Tuesday August llth，1911，a young artist，Louis Beraud，arrived at the Louvre in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon was the room where the world’s most famous painting，the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci，was on his surprise there was an empty space where the painting should have ll 0’clock the museum authorities realized that the painting had been next day headlines all over the world announced the theft.
Actually the Leonardo had been gone for more than twenty-four hours before anyone noticed it was museum was always closed on Mondays for before closing time on Sunday three men had entered the museum，where they had hidden themselves in a actual theft was quick and y the next morning Perrugia removed the painting from the wall while the others kept they went out a back exit.
Nothing was seen or heard of the painting for two years when Perrugia tried to sell it to a dealer for half a million ugia was arrested on December ugia claimed he had stolen it as an act of Datriotism，because，he said，the painting had been looted from the Italian nation by ugia was imprisoned for 7 seemed that the crime of the century had been solved.
But had it?Perrugia was keen to claim all responsibility for the theft，and it was twenty years before the whole storv came fact Perrugia had been working for two master criminals，Valfierno and Chaudron， who went unpunished for their would offer to steal a famous painting from a gallery for a crooked dealer or an unscrupulous private would then make a copy of the picture and，with the help of bribed gallery attendants，tape the copy to the back of the original dealer would then be taken to the gallerv and would be invited to make a secret mark on the back of the course the dealer would actually be marking the ierno would later produce forged newspaper cuttings announcing the theft of the original，and then produce the copy，complete with secret the dealer were to see the painting still in the gallery，he would be persuaded that it was a copy，and that he possessed the genuine one.
Chaudron then painted not one，but six copies of the Mona Lisa，using 400一year-old wood panels from antique Italian forgeries were carefully aged，so that the varnish was cracked and dirty. Valfierno commissioned Perrugia to steal the original，and told him to hide it until Valfierno contacted him. Perrugia waited in vain in a tiny room in Paris with the painting，but heard nothing from his partners in had gone to New York，where the six copies were already in had sent them there before the original was that time it was quite common for artists to copy old masters，which would be sold quite honestly as imitations，so there had been no problems with US ierno went on to sell all six copies for$300000 the story to a journalist in l914，on condition that it would not be published until his death.
Does the story end there?Collectors have claimed that Perrugia returned a is also possible that Leonardo may have painted several versions of the Mona Lisa，or they might be copies made by Leonardo’s e has been a lot of controversy and argument about the 450一year-old painting，but after all，maybe that’s what She’s smiling about.
painting was probably stolen__________.
[A]on the morning of August llth，1911
[B]on the afternoon of August llth，1911
[C]on August lOth，1911
[D]on August 9th，1911
was __________that Perrugia was arrested.
[A]only when Louis Beraud arrived at the Louvre
[B] after the theft as announced all over the world
[C]after Valfierno had contacted hkn
[D]about two years later
h of the following statements is true according to the passage?
[A]Perrugia stole the painting for the sake of his country.
[B]The painting was once taken away by Napoleon.
[C]All the criminals who had stolen the painting were put into prison.
[D]It was reported soon on the newspaper that the original painting had been found.
forgeries were produced by the following methods EXCEPT__________.
[A]making the copy as old as the original one
[B]using very old wood panels
[C]making the copy appear cracked and dirty
[D]signing the date on the back of the original painting
is implied in the passage that__________.
[A]the original painting is still on display at the Louvre
[B]the original painting is now in the United States
[C]the original painting has been destroyed
[D]no one could possibly tell which is the original painting
