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Part D
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
56) Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. Yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation.57) Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man' s exposure to damaging substances can. affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said Gladys Friedler, of the Boston university School of Medicine. "This is puzzling", she said. "Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should be of concern. "
In the US,2,500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known.58) These figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.
Many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man' s environment can influence the health of children. "If the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. " Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men' s effects on development, she said.59) Some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they teps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes batteries.60) The company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. The irony is that children born to men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.
Part D
56.【譯文】和母親一樣，父親如果接觸了有毒物質，同樣可能造成未出生 嬰兒的先天缺陷。
【解題要點】句子結構是簡單句，exposcd to poisonous substances是分詞短語，做fathers的後置定語，翻譯時應譯成主動動賓結構，“父親接 觸有毒物質”。
57.【譯文】波士頓大學醫學院的格拉迪絲·弗裡德說，儘管有越來越多的科學證據表明男人接觸有害物質會影響他的後代，但孕婦仍承擔 著維護未出生的嬰兒健康的責任。
【解題要點】句子結構是主從複合句，despite引導讓步狀語從句，譯成“儘管…”，這一從句中套了個that引導的evidence的同位語從句。 be charged with意為“對…負責”。
58.【譯文】這些數字不包括在後來的發育中才出現的不那麼明顯的'問題，如生化機能障礙和行為問題。
【解題要點】句子結構是主從複合句，以that為界，前半句為主句，後半句為定語從句。such as是用來列舉前面所提到的問題。整個句子 採取直譯即可。
59.【譯文】有些公司已採取措施不讓婦女從事可能接觸危險物質的工作，以便“保護未出生的孩子”。
【解題要點】句子結構是主從複合句。從some companies到jobs是主旬，to protect the unborn child是目的狀語，解釋為什麼要採取措施。 by excludin9…是介詞短語，說明“如何來保護”。where後引導說明 job的定語從句，即“什麼樣的工作崗位”。
60.【譯文】這家公司將婦女調離易受鉛毒的高薪工作崗位，理由是公司 必須保護未出生的孩子。
【解題要點】句子結構是主從複合句。where引導的是定語從句，說明job，主旬謂語是transfer，transfer 意為“把某人調離”。0n the grounds是固定片語，意為“根據…”。這個句子應採用順序翻譯 方法，只要把where引導的定語從句提前到所修飾的詞前，作為定 語，合譯就行了。
