當前位置:才華齋>升學>會考>

2017年會考英語語法詳解:名詞

會考 閱讀(2.94W)

名詞(Noun,簡稱n.),是詞類的一種,屬於實詞,名詞表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱,名詞同時也分為專有名詞和普通名詞。以下是本站小編搜尋整理的關於2017年會考英語語法詳解:名詞,供參考學習,希望對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關資訊請持續關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!

2017年會考英語語法詳解:名詞

  1. 名詞的數

概述: 名詞按其表示的事物的性質分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。

可數名詞及其單複數:可數名詞有單複數變化,其前通常用不定冠詞和數詞來修飾,還可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修飾。構成名詞複數形式的方法分為規則法和不規則法兩種。

複數的規則構成法:絕大多數英語中的名詞複數都是在單數名詞後加上詞尾-s或-es構成的。具體規則如下圖:

規則

例詞

一般情況下加-s

apple-apples, ruler-rulers

以s, x, ch,sh,結尾的加-es

bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes

以子音字母加y結尾的,把y變成i再加-es

city-cities, county-countries

以f或fe結尾的.,把f或fe變成v,再加-es

knife-knives, leaf-leaves

以o結尾的,有的詞尾加-es,有的加-s

在國中英語範圍內加-es的主要有以下4個:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes

Hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes

2) 複數的不規則構成法:

a.單復同形的:Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示魚的數量)

b. 熟記下列詞的複數變化:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children

c. 以man, woman做定語構成的複合名詞,變複數時要全變:a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情況一般只變主體名詞而作定語的名詞不變:a girl student-two girl students

  2. 不可數名詞:不可數名詞沒有單複數。如:water, meat, air等。在表示數量時,通常用以下方法。

1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。

There is little milk at home.

The old man has lots of money.

2) 若要表示不可數名詞的數量,應用“數詞+量詞+of+名詞”這種形式,若數字超過一,量詞應用複數形式。如:a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread

2. 專有名詞:專有名詞是表示特定的人,事物, 地點等,如:Tom, China, the United Kingdom. 專有名詞的第一個字母一般大寫,大部分專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。

  3. 名詞的所有格:

1. 概述:名詞的所有格在句中是表示所有關係,作定語。

2. 名詞所有格的構成:名詞所有格包括 –s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。無生命的名詞的所有格通常用of短語來表示所有關係。如:the name of the school, the window of the house等。–s所有格主要用於有生命的東西和表示時間,距離,國家等的名詞後。構成方法如下:

一般直接在名詞後加’s. 如:Jim’s book

複數名詞的所有格,若以s/es結尾只加撇號,不以s/es結尾仍加’s。如:

Children’s Day, the teachers’ office.

3)“ and”連線的並列名詞的所有格,表示兩人“共有”只在後一個名詞尾加’s; 表示“各自擁有”,兩個名詞尾都要加’s. 如:Jim and Lucy’s book(共有); Jane’s and Tom’s books(不共有)

4)表示店鋪或某人的家等處所時,常在名詞的所有格後省去shop, house, home等。如:the barber’s, at my uncle’s

5) 表示時間,距離,國家,城市的無生命名詞,可以在詞尾加’s或’表示所有格,如:today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk.

  4. 雙重所有格

1)名詞雙重所有格的含義:of+名詞所有格稱為雙重所有格,這種結構中,of前面是一部分,of後面是一個整體。

例如:Mr Wang is a friend of my father's. (=Mr Wang is one of my father's friends.) 王先生 是我父親的一個朋友.

2)名詞雙重所有格的構成方法:

a. of前面的名詞前面通常有一個含泛指意義的限定詞,如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如:

Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's? 你看過雷鋒的故事嗎?

They gave me some books of theirs. 他們把他們的一些書給了我。

Three classmates of my sister's have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三個同學已經找到了好工作。

b. 有時of前面的名詞前面可以用指示代詞this, that表示某種感情色彩。例如:

That answer of Jim's was right. 吉姆的那個回答是對的。

Something is wrong with this eye of mine. 我的這隻眼睛出了毛病。

c. of後面帶有's的名詞或名詞性物主代詞通常是特指的人。例如:

That's a book of Lu Xun's. 這是魯迅的一本書。

This is a child of theirs. 那是他們的一個孩子。

3)名詞的雙重所有格與“of + 名詞”結構之間的區別:

a.. 句子所表達的側重點不同。試比較:

He is a friend of my father's. (著重說明“父親”的朋友不止一個)

He is a friend of my father. (著重說明“他”是父親的一個朋友)

b. of前面是picture等詞時,含義不同。試比較:

This is a picture of my teacher's. 這是我老師收藏的一張照片。

This is a picture of my teacher. 這是我老師的一張照片。

  實戰演練(2×50)

1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.

A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childrens’

2. September 10th is ___ Day in China.

A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher

3. This is _______ news.

A. such a good B. a very good C. such good

4.—What ______ it is!

—Let’s go out to have a picnic.

A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day

5. Tom and I go to school _____ every day.

A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot

6. –Are those _____?

-No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow

7. A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.

A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen

8. That doctor drank two _____.

A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea

9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.

A. Bob mother B. Bob’s mother’s C. mother of Bob

10. The tall man with a big nose is _______ classmate.

A. Tom and Carl B. Tom’s and Carl’s C. Tom and Carl’s

____ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.

A. few year B. a few years’ C. a few year’s

12. How many ___ do you want every month?

A. milk B. water C. apples

13. –Whose is this new bicycle?

-It’s _____.

A. Sue and Jim’s B . Sue and Jim C. Sue’s and Jim’s

14. –Would you like _____tea?

-No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.

A. any; bottles of orange B. a little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange

15. –How many _____ do you want?

-Two, please.

A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs

16. The bus stop is two _____ from our house.

A. hour’s drive B. hours’ drive C. hour-drive

17. –Where are you going, Amy?-_______.

A. To my uncle B. To my uncle’s C. At my uncle

18. Have you read _____?

A. a newspaper of today’s B. today newspaper C. today's newspaper

19. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea.

A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups

20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and ____ are vegetables.

A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles

21. –Help yourself to some _________.

-Thank you. I really like them.

A. fish B. orange C. cakes

22. The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth

23. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?

A. three days’ holiday B. three day’s holiday C. three-days holiday

24. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.

A. leaf B. leave C. leaves

25. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.

A minutes' walk B aunt' minute's walk

C aunt' minutes' walk

26. A computer is one of the greatest ________in this century.

A inventors B inventions C invitations

27. We haven't ________ homework to do today.

A many B some C much

28. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.

A -year-old B -year-old C -years-old

29. _________that pair of new_________nice?

A B s C s

, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.

A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food

31. The two ________are my________.

A woman doctors... friends B women doctors... friends

C women doctors... friend

32. These are________houses.

A Lee and my uncle B the Lee's and my uncle's

C theLees' and my uncle

33. We are__________ are_________.

A en B an

C ans

34. There ______ a pencil and two books on the desk.

A. has B. is

35. A number of students ______ for the school bus now.

A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits

36. The number of students in the class ______ large.

A. are B. has

37. A _____ is used for keeping warm.

A. stamp B. scarf C. key

38. There is no _______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.

A. room B. a room C. rooms

39. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.

---OK, how happy they both looked!

A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's

C. my mother's and father's

40. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.

A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three

41. --- What would you like to drink, girls?

--- _________, please.

cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two coffee

42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ______

A. fun B. wishes C. interest

43. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus.

A. visitor B. visitor's C. visitors'

44.--- How many students are there in your school?

--- There are two ___________.

A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of

45. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

-- It sounds really wonderful.

A. subject B. music C. book

46. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the TV.

A. place B. room C. field

47. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.

A. medicine B. lessons C. exercise

48. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.

A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes

49. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news

50. Maths ________ not easy to learn.

A. are B. is C. am

  參考答案:

1-5:BBCCB; 6-10:AACBC; 11-15: BCACC; 16-20:BBCCB; 21-25:CCACC;26-30:BCACA