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2017職稱英語理工B級考試名詞語法解析

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語法是職稱英語考試中的一大難點,下面yjbys網小編將為大家分析職稱英語理工B級考試中名詞的語法知識,供大家參考。

2017職稱英語理工B級考試名詞語法解析

  一、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題:

1.謂語和謂語基本保持單複數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯裡的水很冷)

2.集體名詞(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主語時,

① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用複數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有張中國地圖)

ese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用複數。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子裡有隻綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子裡有一些綿羊)

s,news等雖然有s結尾,但不是複數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個訊息令人興奮)

ses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用複數形式,故謂語用複數。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)

6.a lot of 後跟名詞複數時謂語用複數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)

連線兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用複數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)

8. there be 句型中be的單複數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間裡有一張桌子和四張椅子)

9.用both…and…連線兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用複數。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)

10.主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單複數由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)

er…or…或者 neither…nor…連線兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語採用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right.(要麼是你對,要麼是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那裡)

12.表示一段時間或長度概念的複數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離)。(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離)

13.主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the …。等詞語時,謂語的單複數由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網上四分之三以上的資訊是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被汙染了)(被動句)

但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What's the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)。(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用複數)

 二、部分名詞用法辨析:

t、game、match、race 的區別:sport通常指“戶外運動”,以鍛鍊為主,概念較大;game意思是“運動、比賽”,不管戶內戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負為主的運動;match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運動) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯賽)。(我們學校足球隊取得了聯賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了划艇比賽)

ival、holiday、vacation的'區別:festival“節日”,指喜慶的日子或持續一段時間的文娛活動;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風俗習慣,複數可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation“假期”,指學習或工作中一段長時間的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節將在下個月舉行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個假日,多數人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什麼事情?)

ney、tour、trip、travel的區別:journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡迴旅行,強調遊覽多處,常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數名詞,指旅行這一行為。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(聖地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去聖地亞哥了嗎?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林裡邊穿行是很危險的)

d、noise、voice的區別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因為感冒的緣故,這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)

的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單複數相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish指“魚肉”時是不可數名詞。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子裡有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)