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高校英語專業四級考試詞彙語法詳細解

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英語的學習過程當中,相信大家都接觸過英語語法,下面是小編給大家整理的關於高校英語專業四級考試詞彙語法詳細解,歡迎閱讀!

高校英語專業四級考試詞彙語法詳細解

高校英語專業四級考試詞彙語法詳細解 1

形容詞層迭修飾時的順序

幾個屬於不同層次的形容詞作修飾語時,其詞序一般按下列順序排列:限定詞→表示說話人評價的形容詞→表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞→表示顏色的形容詞→表示國別、來源、材料的形容詞→表示用途或目的的形容詞→名詞中心詞。例如:

the town’s charming old English church

a wellknown German medical school

the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings

近義詞辨析

bother, disturb, trouble, worry

這組詞均含有“不停地煩擾他人或搞得某人心神不寧”的意思。

botherdisturb常用於主動和被動兩種形式中。用於被動時,bother指常受到時有時無的小事的煩擾。用於主動時,bother的意思比disturb強,帶有故意打擾他人的意思。

If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你歸還我的書後,

我就不打擾你了。

disturb

用於被動形式時,意思比bother強烈,有時甚至可指精神錯亂。用在主動形式時,意思最弱,指某人無意中打擾他人,這種打擾行為並非存心衝著他人去的。

The man was mentally disturbed.這個人精神錯亂了。

trouble

和worry主要用於被動,指被某事搞得心神不寧。

trouble比worry稍正式些,指麻煩別人一件事而影響他人舒適、方便、效率、健康或心境的平靜等。

May I trouble you for the book?麻煩您把書遞給我好嗎?

worry

主要指因對某事的結果沒有把握而焦慮不安,還可指某人沉浸在軟弱無助的情緒或思慮中。

Worrying about your health can make you sick.經常擔心你的`健康,會使你生病的。

全真模擬試題

1. It’s not fair that you come home after abad day at work a

nd ____ your wife and children.

A. take it out on B. take out it on

C. take out on D. take on it with

2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ____

A. he catches cold B. he should catch cold

C. he caught cold D. he be catching cold

3. Our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive

as possible when we visit the museum.

A. areB. shall be C. be?

4. You ____ business interfering with my affairs.

A. have none B. have no

C. have none ofthe D. have nothing like

5. The new cut in interest rate ____ promote domestic

investment.

A. means to B. directs toward

C. is meant to D. leads to

6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers

____ to increase the sales of industrial products.

been usedB. will be used

C. is being used D. has been used

7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied ____

the old lady’s necklace.

A. having takenB. taking

C. to have taken D. to take

8. Dr. Park was accused ____ the patient with overdos

e of slee

ping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.

providingB. with providing

C. to have providedD. to provide

9. By the end of next month we ____ this assignment.

A. will finish B. will be finishing

C. will have finishedD. have finished

10. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of you

rs ____ miracle.

working B. works

C. will be working D. worked11. It was dark in the cave so she ____ a match.

A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burned

12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____ with a cold.

A. laid outB. laid upC. laid byD. laid down

13. She often says her greatest happiness ____ servin

g the handicapped children.

es on B. consists in

C. composes of D. comprises in

14. To make this ____ clear we shall have to look clo

sely into biology’s long history.

inctionB. indicationC. recognition D. constitution

15. Most importantly, such an experience helps ____ a

heightened sensitivity to

other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one’s own culture

as well.

A. coach B. forsakeC. or

16. When Ann broke the dish she tried to put the____

back together.

A. fragmentsB. piecesC. bitsD. slices

17. Jane tried to ____ the doorman with money, but sh

e failed.

A. bribeB. corruptC. awardD. endow

18. Classification is a useful ____ to the organizati

on of knowledge in any field.

A. meansB. approachC. modeD. manner

19. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____

to environmental threats.

A. responseB. responsibility

C. resolution D. resistance

20. We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always ____

his principles.

A. lives onB. lives up to

C. lives through D. lives with

21. My grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the hous

e.

. . got

22. We enjoyed the holiday ____ the expense.

ptB. besides

C. in addition toD. except for

23. If you want children to work hard you must ____ t

heir interests instead of their sense of duty.

A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for

24. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or proc

esses ____ in the same way as human hand or arm.

A. characters B. components

logues D. collections

25. Of course, talking about something which affects them personally is

____motivating for students.

A. chiefly B. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently試題答案與解析?

1. A)【句意】白天的工作不順心,回到家裡

拿老婆孩子出氣,這是不公平的。

【難點】take it out on sb. 意為“拿某人出氣”,其中it是無人稱代

詞,無所指,這是一個固定的結構。

2. B)【句意】由於害怕孩子感冒,她在孩子

身上又蓋了一條毯子。

【難點】for fear that 後接虛擬語氣,(should)+動詞原形。

3. C) 【句意】我們的教師建議我們參觀博物

館的時候注意力應儘可能集中。

【難點】recommend,command ,suggest 等詞後接的賓語從句應用虛擬語

氣,即(should)+動詞原形。

4. B)【句意】你沒有權力干涉我們的事情。

【難點】have no business doing /to do something 意為“沒有權力,

沒有理由做某事”

5. C)【句意】利率再次下調旨在促進國內投

資。

【難點】be meant to do 意為“旨在做 ”;mean to do 意為“打算做

,企圖做”;lead to 意為“導致”,後接名詞。

6. A)【句意】像直接郵件、無線電、電視和

報紙這樣的廣告媒介一直被用來促進工業品的銷售。

【難點】根據句意,應用完成時的被動語態,media 是medium 的複數形

式。

7. A) 【句意】法庭傳訓他的時候,他否認拿

了老太太的項鍊。

【難點】deny後需接動名詞,由於動作是過去發生的,所以選A),動名詞

的完成式。

8. A)【句意】帕克大夫被指控向患者提供過

量的安眠藥,結果造成病人在預期的時間前死亡。

【難點】be accused of 是個常見的片語,意為“被控有…罪”。

9. C)【句意】到下月底,我將完成這項任務 。

【難點】by the end of next month (year)是將來完成時的典型狀語,

故選C)。

10. B)【句意】除非你的新經濟計劃創造奇蹟

,否則我們將賠錢。

【難點】unless 引導條件狀語從句,用一般現在時表示將來。

11. A)【句意】巖洞裡很黑,她燃著了一根火

柴。

【難點】strike 意為“擦(火柴)”,其它幾個詞不能和matches搭配。

12. B)【句意】瑪麗不能來參加生日晚會了,

因為她患了感冒,臥床在家。

【難點】lay up 意為“因痛(或傷殘)臥床”,常用被動語態; lay ou

t 意為“擺出,展開”;lay by 意為“儲存”;lay down意為“犧牲,獻出”。

13. B)【句意】她常說她最大的快樂在於為殘

疾兒童服務。

【難點】consist in 意為“在於,存在於”;rely on 意為“依靠,依

賴”;be composed of 意為“由…構成”;comprise 意為“由…組成;構成”。

14. A)【句意】為了搞清楚這一差別,我們必

須認真地審視一下生物學發展的漫長歷史

【難點】distinction意為“區別;差異”;indication意為“標示,跡

象”;recognition意為“(正式的)承認,認可,認知”;constitution意為“憲法,體制”。

15. C)【句意】最重要的是,這樣的經歷能促

進人們對其它文化的感受性,並使他們更欣賞自己的文化。

【難點】foster意為“培養,促進,助長”;coach意為“訓練,指導”;

forsake意為“遺棄,拋棄”;censor意為“審查,檢查”。

16. A)【句意】安把盤子打碎後,想把碎片再

合在一起。

【難點】fragment 意為“碎片,碎塊”;piece意為“塊,片”;bit意

為“小片;小段”;slice意為“薄片;切片”。

17. A)【句意】簡企圖用錢賄賂看門人,但失

敗了。

【難點】bribe 意為“收買;行賄”;corrupt意為“腐蝕,使墮落”;a

ward意為“授予(獎品等);給予”;endow意為“資助,捐贈”。

18. B)【句意】分類是組織任何領域知識內容

的有效方式。

【難點】approach作“方式,方法;態度”講時,後接介詞to,其它幾個

詞沒有這種用法。

19. A)【句意】人類已為他們對環境威脅作出

的遲緩反應付出了重大代價。

【難點】response意為“反應”後接介詞to ;responsibility意為“責任

”;resolution意為“決心,決定”;resistance意為“抵抗”。

20. B)【句意】我們十分尊重約瑟夫教授,因 為他總是信守原則。【難點】live up to 意為“遵守,實踐(諾言,原則)”;live on 意

為“以…

為生”;live through意為“度過,經歷過”;live with 意為“忍受;容忍”。

21. C)【句意】我爺爺不小心放火燒著了房子

【難點】片語set fire to 意為“點燃,使燃燒”。

22. D)【句意】除了花很多錢外,我們的假期

很愉快。

【難點】except指的是除去同類的事物,且常用於否定句;besides是包含

在內的,除了;in addition to 也是包括在內;except for 是除了不同類的事物。

23. A)【句意】如果你要孩子們努力學習,你必須喚起他們的興趣而不是責任感。

【難點】appeal to 意為“有感染力,有吸引力”;look into 意為“調

查,觀

察”;give rise to意為“引起,導致”;go in for意為“愛好;從事,參與”。

24. B)【句意】機器人基本上是一臺機器,它

能像人的手臂一樣移動、操縱、結合或加工零件。

【難點】component意為“零件;成分”;character 意為“特性;人格”;catalogue意為“目錄”;collection意為“收集”。

25. D)【句意】當然,談論一些影響學生個性

的事對他們是非常有積極作用的。

【難點】emine

ntly 意為“突出地;明顯地”;chiefly意為“主要地;大部分”;correctly意為“正確地”,currently意為“現時,當前”。

高校英語專業四級考試詞彙語法詳細解 2

1.不定式:

一)不定式的常考形式:

1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

語法功能: 表示與謂語動詞同步發生

2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.

被動形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

語法功能:表示發生在謂語動詞之前

二)不定式常考的考點:

1)不定式做定語----將要發生

2)不定式做狀語----目的

3)不定式充當名詞功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do  表示動作的完整性,真實性;

+ doing 表示動作的連續性,進行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看見他在花園裡幹活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我見他正在花園裡幹活。(強調"我見他正幹活"這個動作)

v 感官動詞後面接形容詞而不是副詞:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

使役動詞 have bid make let 等詞後不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以後要還原to

I ‘d like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.

help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些動詞後只跟不定式如:

want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

五) 有的時候to後面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

2. 動名詞:具有動作性特徵的名詞

1)是名詞 seeing is believing

2)具有動詞性特徵可以帶賓語 starving troops is necessary.

一)動名詞的形式:

一般形式:I don't like you smoking.

完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.

被動形式:This question is far from being settled.

二) 動名詞常考的點

1)動名詞做主語謂語動詞為單數

2)在動名詞和不定式中,做為介詞的賓語是動名詞

3)動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也對)

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些詞後只能接動名詞

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法:

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5)有些詞後加不定式和動名詞均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean後面用不定式和-ing形式,意義截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未來/過去未來的動作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我記得這個動作)

forgot與remember的用法類似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遺憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 為了"二十年前的離開"而遺憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try –ing 試驗 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去,但我父親不讓我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味著]贈加工資意味著增加購買力。

prefer的用法:

我寧願在這裡等。

I prefer to wait here. (所以啊,你不介意的話,我就等下去。)

I prefer waiting here.(我正在這裡等,我就喜歡這麼做。)

I prefer swimming to cycling. (這個句子裡面就不能用不定式了。)

3 分詞:

現在分詞主動進行,過去分詞被動狀態

現在分詞的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (與謂語動詞同步發生)

2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (發生謂語動詞之前)

3)完成被動形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 發生謂語動詞之前且表示被動)

過去分詞

1) 過去分詞表示被動:Fight no battle unprepared.

2)過去分詞的進行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (強調正在被做)

這三種非謂語動詞,都可以構成複合結構,非謂語動詞所修飾的成分是這些非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。他們之間的一致關係——主動還是被動,往往就是考點。獨立主格結構中,要注意的是分詞與他前面的邏輯主語之間的主動被動的關係。

情態動詞所表達的可能性程度:must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not)

另外兩個"類情態詞的形式:"need/needn't; have to/don't have to

v 最自然的虛擬狀態:由should/would+原型時態(不含時間只含狀態)

本質上是過去將來時:即,時間固定在過去將來,狀態不同:一般、進行、完成、完成進行。

這時"虛擬語氣"的產生往往是因為我們要表達"本來應該……"(而現在卻還沒有……)

(本來可以……,本來能……)

I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)

I should be working now! (進行)

I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)

我應該多多練習

I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)

(actually I did dream away my time too much!)

It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成進行)

I may/might/could have finished! (完成)

一些常見的句型中,就會出現這種虛擬語氣,而處於從句之中,should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由於他們的含義中包含"建議,假設,應該"這類的含義,所以,由他們引起的從句中,就會包含有should+原型時態構成的虛擬語氣。

這些動詞(以及他們的名次形式,分詞形式)引起的從句還有其他的變形:

主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…