當前位置:才華齋>範例>校園>

託福閱讀列舉題的解題技巧

校園 閱讀(1.77W)

列舉題,也叫排除列舉題,ETS稱之為“否定事實資訊題”(negative factual information question)。基本形式如下:

託福閱讀列舉題的解題技巧

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

列舉題的解題技巧

列舉題的基本思路是排除,排除與原文相符的選項,與原文相矛盾的選項或原文未提到的選項是正確答案。注意問題中的否定詞Not 和EXCEPT。

1.列舉題的解題步驟

1)看題幹找關鍵詞

問題中有關鍵詞的,可以根據它定位,然後將四個選項與定位的地方進行比較。如果沒有關鍵詞,可以先定位於上一個問題對應的段落之後的段落。

2)閱讀四個選項

題幹中沒有線索的,可以閱讀四個選項,總結其中的共同點進行定位,或者根據各個選項中的關鍵詞一一進行定位。

3)排除與原文相符的'選項

將各個選項與原文比較以後,排除其中符合原文意思的選項,剩下的一個選項,或者與原文相矛盾,或者在原文未提到,就是正確答案。例如,

The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 7 as contributing to the longevity of an oak tree EXCEPT

the capacity to create shade

leaves containing tannin

the ability to withstand mild droughts and fire

the large number of acorns the tree produces

本題對應第七段(見上文),其中前三個選項所說的條件(從第四句開始)都對oak tree的長壽有利,而第四個選項所說的“acorns的數量”並未與oak tree的壽命直接聯絡在一起,因此為正確答案。