導語：掌握高中英語短文改錯技巧，有利於同學們拿高分。下面是小編整理的高中英語短文改錯技巧，供各位閱讀與借鑑。
短文改錯口訣：
動詞形，名詞數；
注意形和副；
非謂動詞細辨別；
習慣用法要記住；
句子成分多分析；
邏輯錯誤須關注。
一. 動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態和語態錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬於時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念，注意短文內容發生或存在的時間，保持時間概念的一致性。
二. 名詞數
指名詞單、複數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞複數寫成單數。例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 區分形和副
及區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是大學聯考短文改錯的常考點。例如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四. 非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態的含義。
五. 習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年大學聯考的常考點，其錯誤表現形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細緻的分析，才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒於習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。
七. 邏輯錯誤須關注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬於邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查物件。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此後面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的'意思，才開始告訴別人，怎麼能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤型別外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：
短文改錯解析一則
(I)
There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1. ______
spending too much because of I'm always short of money! There are also some 2. ______
place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in. 3. ______
The first place is Gino's. It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. ______
like pizzas and spaghetti. It's really cheaply and very friendly. Then there's 5. ______
Black's Bistro. This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. ______
there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. Again it's not 7. ______
expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally, how about 8. ______
Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food. Mexica 9. ______
food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too. 10. ______
(II)
It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1. ______
another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. Daytime temperatures 2. ______
can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3. ______
the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature 4. ______
drops -50℃at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. ______
ultraviolet(紫外線的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. ______
and burning conventional fuels. But despite all these problems, scientists are 7. ______
currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8. ______
in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost make the idea of 9. ______
human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10. ______
[答案與解析]
(I) h→where。where引導定語從句，修飾表地點的先行詞town, where在定語從句中作狀語。2.去掉of。because後面接從句，而because of後面接短語。3. place→places。此處名詞應該用複數形式。4.去掉where。現在分詞短語作定語，where多餘。5. cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是並列的形容詞作表語。6. opened→open。open本身即形容詞。7. and→to。from…to…構成固定片語。8.本行無錯。9. Mexica→Mexican。形容詞作定語。10. bit前加a。a bit是固定片語,在句中作狀語，修飾hot。
(II) 1. science→scientific。應該用形容詞作定語。2. planet前加the。planet前用定冠詞，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"氣溫上升"。4. sun→sun's。名詞所有格作定語，修飾heat。s後加to。drop to表"下降到"。6. some→any。在表否定意義的副詞hardly後面用any, hardly any oxygen意為"幾乎沒有任何氧氣"。7. and→or。此處表選擇關係。ing後加on。work on是固定片語，表"研究"。9. make→makes。本句的主語是名詞cost,故謂語動詞用單數形式。10.本行無錯。
