Lesson 30 Adventures of Ideas 大膽的想法
Each civilization is born, it culminates, and it decays. There is a widespread estimony that this ominous fact is due to inherent biological defects in the crowded life of cities. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency is showing itself. Better roads and better vehicles at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need for defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards. But a new set of conditions is just showing itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, Business relations, government, and pleasure in the centres of the cities. Apart from the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives were spent in the cities. In some ways the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized, and the Homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting. But, if we examine the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also altering. Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities,concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
New words and expressions 生詞短語
本課與 20 課相類似
鼓起精神 take heart 振作起來 beef up
Ⅰ、words
▲culminate vi.鼎盛，達到頂點
ination n.（頂點,多用做抽象意義）/summit n.頂峰/peak/top
He reaches/attains the culmination in his thirties.他三十歲達到了頂峰。
His efforts culminate in his success.他的努力終於使他成功了。（culmite＝lead to
His efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family.
His efforts culminate in failure.他的努力付諸東流。
His excessive drinking culminates in his moral degeneration/decay.他的`過度飲酒導致他道德敗
壞
mend one's morals 改過自新
decayvt 衰亡，腐爛
同義詞：rot 見第二課
My health decays.我的身體江河日下。
Tooth decays.牙齒咬不動東西了。
testimony n 證據=evidence testmen n.證人 testify v.
Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我證明他無罪。
oral 證詞/verbal 證詞/ material 物證
▲inherentadj 固有的
the sloth that inherent in him 天生的懶惰
inbred 天生的 inbuilt 嵌入的 ingrain 根深蒂固的 deep－rooted 根深蒂固的
faintlyadv 不明顯的
faint 微弱的
The light is so faint.光線太暗。
I fainted.我暈了過去。
tendencyn 傾向
I have the tendency to shop.我是個購物狂。
I have the tendency to smoke/read.我是個煙鬼/書迷
trend 潮流/inclination（自己的）傾向 /current 潮流（更常用）
vanish
vi 消失見 26 課
▲a set of一批後只跟 sth 不跟 sb
a set of rules 一系列規則/a set of equipmeng 一套裝置/a set of furniture 一套傢俱/a set of short
stories 短篇小說集
▲sheeradj 純粹的
sheer brandy 純白蘭地/sheer liar 大騙子/sheer rubbish 一派胡言
emphasize vt 強調 asis
place/lay/put emphsis……on
We have to place emphasis on construction of civilization.我們要加強文明建設。
同義詞：underline/spotlight
at the cost of 以……位代價＝at the ptice of =sactifice v.犧牲，n 牲
I learn English at the cost of my holidays.
▲commuteadv 即刻地 uter 通勤者/commuter time/rush hour 上下班時間
There is a New York or commuters devoured by locusts in the day and spit out at night.
It's commuter time,I will go.要下班了，我要走了。
instantaneously adv.即刻地
instant noodles 方便麵，快餐面
in no time 快，很快
I will come in no time.我馬上回來。
sermonn 佈道
preach a sermon by a priest 牧師佈道
▲profoundly adv 深刻地
profound theory 深奧的理論
bid for Olympics 申奧
profound sleep 死睡/sleep like a log 睡得像豬/eat like a dog
Notes on the text 課文註釋
This is about civilization and is the association between industry and civilization.
Each civilization is born( 產生), it culminates, and it decays①. There is a widespread testimony that this ominous（ominous 不吉祥地） fact is due to② inherent biological defects（biological defect 生物地缺陷，指前文中的產生、發展、滅亡的過程） in the crowded life of cities③. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency④ is showing itself⑤. Better roads and better vehicles ⑥at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need ⑦for defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards⑧. But a new set of conditions is just showing itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the Home in the immediate suburbs⑨, but concentrated manufacturing activity, Business relations（商業貿易）, government, and pleasure in
the centres of the cities. Apart from（除了） the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives （活動生活，主要生活）were spent in the cities. In some ways（在某些方式上而言） the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized, and the Homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort （：menace，威脅，不舒適） commuting. But, if weof examine（探究） the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration（指前文 relations 、government, and pleasure ） largely disappearing. Still more,are the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also altering.（下文解釋說明） Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities, concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
①例句：A man is born,he culminates/grows up,and he decays/dies.
②due to=becouse of，而 due to 多指不好之意
Due to my carelessness/drinking/overspeeding
③本句看試與首句不相關聯，但前句中的 civilization 城市生活多半代表了文明的含義，而countryside 多有 backward（落後）、supersitious （迷信的），故由前句講到本句的城市生活。
④opposite tendency 相反的傾向，指與城市生活擁擠不堪相反
⑤showing itself 顯露跡象
suggest itself
As time goes on,the adwantage of my sound English is showing itself.隨著時光流逝，我良好的英語功底終於派上用場了！
⑥vehide(in Britain)/lorry or motocar,automobile(in America)
induce 歸納 from every point to the center
induced=attracted
outskirts:it is only within the city but actually it is outer city
⑦urgent need 迫切需求,指人們開始搬到市郊居住，使得城市的應急防護就顯得不必要了
⑧downwards 向下轉移
I am Homeward.我朝家裡走去。
I am schoolward.我上學去。
I am eastward.我向東走去
I am restaurantward.我吃飯去。
I am bridgeward.我向橋上走去。
I am bookstoreward.我買書去。
⑨ city－outskirts-suburb：expansion outward 向外擴充套件
immediate:近的，接近的
immediate goal 近期目標
long term goal 長期目標
immediate boss 頂頭上司
concentrate 集中，若後接抽象內容則需加 on，具體事物則不必。
concentrate on my studies 集中學習
作者：A.N Whitehead(1861-1947)，a philosopher
1924,he became the professor of University of wrote a very famous book'principia of
mathematic'與人合著者（coauthors）
giant in philosophy 哲學巨人
the greatest logician 最偉大地邏輯學家
If you roll off my log, I will roll off yours.你捧我，我也捧你。
本單元：lesson24、29、26、27、28（注重句型）需詳細解讀。
