托福考試語法解題技巧：獨立成分
這一口訣主要是用來解"填空"題的.我們所遇到的情況更多是題乾的句子較長而且關係複雜,如按傳統的`方法先搞清楚句子內部關係,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相應缺少的成分------不但耗時很多,而且把握不大.這裡,我們介紹的方法則簡便了許多:將具有"獨立"意義的句子成分去掉------如果這時主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考慮------只考慮剩下,不"獨立"的成分.這樣,關係簡單了,正確答案也就容易找到了.而且絕大部分情況下,在"語法"層次-----即不弄懂句義的情況下-----即可選出正確答案.
那麼,都有哪些成分時"獨立成分"呢?主要有以下幾種:
1.副詞和不是用作前置定語的分詞;
2.不定式,介詞,分詞,同位語等短語;
3.所有的從句.
這種方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我們來看幾個例句:
(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ------ by early humans.
A. occupied
B. occupying
C. which
D. were occupied
如果按照上面提到的標準去衡量,這個句子的題幹就應該時這樣的:
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介詞短語)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短語)(of pottery and fireplaces介詞短語)(at sites介詞短語)------(by early humans.介詞短語)
將這些"獨立成分"都去掉後就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由於題乾的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作為答案的選項也必須是一個"獨立成分".在不考慮詞義的情況下,A,B,C3個選項似乎都可以.但是,如果B項可以的話,C也一定可以.反面證明兩個選項都不行,答案自然是A了.
(8) During the late fifteenth century, ------ of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
A. only a few
B. a few but
C. few, but only
D. a few only
還是按照前面提到的標準去衡量,這個句子的題幹部分就會變成下面這樣:
(During the late fifteenth century介詞短語),-----(of the native societies fo America介詞短語)had professions (in the fields介詞短語)(of arts and crafts介詞短語).
把獨立成分去掉後就只剩下"------ had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主語.答案自然就是A了.
