在語法裡，時或時態表示行為發生的時間和說話時的關係。一般分為過去式、現在式、將來式，通常也有與表示動作進行或終止的進行式和完成式等體貌一起相連用的情況。以下是本站小編搜尋整理的關於自考《英語一》語法大全：時態篇，供參考複習，希望對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關資訊請持續關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
一、現在完成時
1. 現在完成時的定義
現在完成時通常是指過去某一動作對現在的影響或過去某一動作持續到現在(可能要繼續下去)
2. 現在完成時的構成
現在完成時是由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構成的
3. 現在完成時的基本句型
肯定式I have worked He /She/ It has worked We have worked You have worked
They have worked
疑問式Have I worked? Has he /she / it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked?
Have they worked?
否定式I have not worked I haven’t worked He /She / It has not worked He / She / It hasn’t worked We have not worked We haven’t worked You have not worked You haven’t worked
They have not worked They haven’t worked
4. 現在完成時的基本用法
a. 現在完成時可表示過去發生的動作對現在所產生的影響，後面通常不用時間狀語，但句中常出現already, just, yet等副詞。如：
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。
I’ve just finished reading the novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說。
Have you seen the doctor yet?你看過醫生了嗎?
注：already和yet用法上的區別
already常用於肯定句，置於句中。yet常用於否定句和疑問句，常用於句末。但already有時也可用語疑問句中暗示驚訝的心情。如：
b. 現在完成時也可表示從過去某時開始的動作，狀態一直持續到現在，常和for, since引導的時間狀語連用。如：
I have learned English for 5 years.
He lived in Beijing since he was born.
注：(1) for和since引導的時間狀語的區別: for + 一段時間, since + 一點時間 從句(從句中常用一般過去時)
(2)表示繼續的現在完成時也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years……, this week (month, year……), all day, all this week等時間狀語連用。如：
Tom has had a toothache all day.
I haven’t heard from him recently.
(3)現在完成時也可表示從過去到現在曾經經歷過或做過的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once, …times等時間狀語連用。如：
I’ve never been to Beijing.我從沒去過北京。
He has read this book before.他以前讀過這本書。
1. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
(1)兩者都可表示過去發生過的動作，但前者表示的是過去的動作對現在的影響，而後者則是表示過去動作的事實。
(2)兩者都可表示過去開始並延續了一段時間的動作，現在完成時含義為該動作仍在繼續，而一般過去時則說明該動作現已終止。如：
He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。(動作仍在繼續)
He lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年。(動作已結束)
2. 點動詞與延續性動詞的區別
所謂點動詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動詞。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等動詞。它們通常不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
I have bought a book.我買了一本書。
I’ve had this book for three weeks.這本書我已經買了三星期了。
某些非延續性動詞可以與since連用，表示重複的動作或狀態。如：
I have met her often since I moved here.
They have gone fishing five times since last spring.
有些非延續性動詞現在完成時在否定結構中可以與since或for短語連用。如：
He has never touched beer for a whole week.
I haven't bought anything for a year.
3. has been to和has gone to的區別
has been to表示“曾經去過”說明所提及的物件一回到說話地點
has gone to表示“去……”說明所提及的物件不在說話地點。如：
I’ve been to Beijing for many times.我到過北京很多次了。
Tom has gone to Beijing and will come back next week.湯姆已到北京去了，下星期才回來。
4. have got的含義
have got形式上是現在完成時，卻和have是同一個意思
She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有點發燒。
Have you got a new dictionary? Do you have a new dictionary?你有一本新字典嗎?
5. 注意下面各句的意思：
He has gone for two days. 他走了，將離開兩天。= He has gone and will be away for two days.
She has come for a week. 她來了，要呆一個星期。= She has come and will stay here for a week.
I haven't heard from her since she lived in Nanjing. 自從她離開南京以來，我一直沒有她的音信。
won’t know if it fits you until you ___ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. try D. have tried
’s said that he ___ sent to Australia to improve his English.
A. would be B. was to be C. has been D. had been
is the second time you ___ late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive
living standard of the people in Nanjing ___ since1983.
A. has raised B. had been risen C. has risen D. rose
. Smith has lived in Canada for twelve years, so he ___ life there.
A. used to B. get used to C. got used to D. has got used to
___ with Jane for one year.
A. has been in love B. has fallen in love C. has been loved D. has loved
7. Tom was said to ___ Mary for 40 years.
A. have been married to B. have married with C. have been married with D. had married with
t changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up
C. have taken place, have set up D. were taken place, were set up
rt is said ___ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
price ___, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
二、過去進行時
1過去進行時的定義
過去進行時常表示過去某一時刻或過去某一階段內正在進行的動作。
2過去進行時的構成
過去進行時是由“be動詞的過去式was/were+現在分詞”構成。
3過去進行時的基本句型
肯定式I was working He / She / it was working. We were working. They were working You were working
疑問式Were you working? Was he / she / it working? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t. Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?
否定式I was not working He / she / it was not working. We were not working You were not working They were not working
4過去進行時的基本用法
a.過去進行時表示過去某一時間正在進行的動作，常和表過去的時間狀語連用，如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業。
They were expecting you yesterday.他們昨天一直在等待。
b.過去進行時可與soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等時間狀語連用，表示一個新的動作剛剛開始。如：
Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久鎮上的人就都談論起這種事了。
c.過去進行時可用來申述原因或用作藉口，這種用法常用在口語中。如：
-- Have you finished your homework, Mary?瑪麗，你作業做完了嗎?
-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday.還沒呢，我昨天一天都幫媽媽在廚房幹活。
d.過去進行時可用來為一個後一系列動作的發生提供背景。如：
I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在騎車時把腿摔壞了。
e.過去進行時可表示過去未曾實現的願望或打算，這時be動詞was/were要重讀。如：
I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .我本該今天早上給他寫信的，後來全給忘了。
I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本來打算明天會見她。
He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本來要看那場戲的，可是太忙了。
5 一般過去時和過去進行時的區別
(1)一般過去式常表示在過去某時發生的動作或存在的狀態(包括過去習慣動作)，常與一般過去時連用的時間狀語有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示過去的時間狀語從句。如：
I was sixteen yesterday old last year.我去年16歲。
He worked in a factory in 1986.他1986年在一家工廠工作。
I met her in the street the day before yesterday.前天我在街上遇見了她。
He often swam in the river when he was young.他小時侯常在河裡游泳。
(2)過去進行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+點鐘+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等時間狀語從句。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?昨天晚上七點你在幹什麼?
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前，當時她在一家無線電商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲門時我正在做飯。
(3)一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經完成，而過去進行時卻表示動作在持續或未完成。如：
I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老師談話時我看見了你。
注意：有的過去時間狀語既可用於一般過去時，也可用於過去進行時，但含義不同。如：
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)
一、過去進行時的時間狀語
和while引導的狀語從句中，強調某個動作正在進行的過程中時要用進行時態，while表示一段時間，因此它所引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用進行時態，如：
When/While we were having supper, the light went out.我們正在吃飯時燈熄滅了。
用作並列連詞時，主句常用進行時態，從句則用一般過去時，表示主句動作發生的過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。
二、下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進行時：
1. 表示過去某一階段暫時性的習慣動作時。如：
Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.湯姆那一週裡每天都是六點鐘起床。
2. 與always連用表示讚美，厭煩等感情色彩時。如：
John was always coming to school late.約翰上學總是遲到。
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷鋒總是為人民做好事。
3. 用來描寫故事發生的情景時。如：
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一個漆黑的夜晚，風颳得很厲害，雨下得很大，一個解放軍戰士突然出現在河岸上，他想過河去。
4. when作並列連詞，表示“(這時)突然”之意時，第一個並列分句用過去進行時，when引導的並列分句用一般過去時。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇見了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain.我們正在外邊玩，這時下起雨來了。
5go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。如：
I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武漢。
She was coming later.她隨後就來。
