當前位置:才華齋>資格證>報關員>

外貿中關於經濟全球化的專業詞彙

報關員 閱讀(2.49W)

導語:在報關員考試中, 在保管工作中,英語也是非常常用的。所以下面是一些關於經濟全球化的專業術語,希望大家在工作中會用得上。

外貿中關於經濟全球化的專業詞彙

經濟全球化是當今世界經濟發展的客觀趨勢,中國的現代化建設將在經濟全球化的國際環境下進行。全球化的趨勢在中國經濟生活中到處可見。

中國於2001年末加入了世界貿易組織,因此要遵守世界貿易組織的市場準入、國民待遇等原則。企業競爭不僅表現為國內競爭,而且最重要的是國際競爭。

目前,中國有實力的大企業積極 開拓國際市場,實行跨國經營戰略。在中國企業走向國際市場的時候,大批國際跨國公司紛紛在中國投資,設立經營機構,成為外資流入中國的主要形式。同時,中國政府為了鼓勵外商投資也採取了各種優惠措施。

通曉外語、具有國際化運作經驗、掌握國際運作規則的人成為企業爭奪的焦點。

為適應加入WTO的需要,在計劃經濟體制下建立起來的各種經濟制度紛紛被廢止和更新,新的經濟規則逐步建立和完善。

中國人的思想意識也逐步趨於開放和國際化。能夠從世界的角度來看待和分析問題,並且更加 善於學習和接受新鮮事物。

  英:

Following are some of the common terms you are likely to hear in any discussion about the global economy:

Balance of trade

Difference in trade (value of a country’s import and export of merchandise), expressed as a monetary figure, between any two countries or any two regions. If country A imports more than they export to country B, then country A has a deficit in their balance of trade with country B, whereas country B has a surplus in their balance of trade with country A.

WTO

World Trade Organization, established in 1995, is responsible formonitoring national trading policies, handling trade disputes, and enforcing the GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) agreements, which are designed to reduce tariffs and other barriers to international trade and to eliminate discriminatory treatment in international commerce.

Competitive advantage

A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers. Competitive advanta

ge is created and sustained through a   highly localized process. Differences in national values, culture, economic structures, institutions, and histories all contribute to competitive success.

Free trade

Trade or commerce carried on without such restrictions as import duties, export bounties, domestic production subsidies, trade quotas, or import licenses. The basic argument for free trade is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage: each region should concentrate on what it can produce most cheaply and efficiently and should exchange its products for   those it is less able to produce economically.

Capital flow

Movement of large sums of money from one country to another to seek higher rates of return and for investment purposes.

GNP

Gross National Product, total value of goods and services produced in an economy over a particular period of time, usually 1 year. The GNP growth rate is the primary indicator of the status of the economy. Made up of consumer and government purchases, private, domestic and foreign investments, and the total value of exports.

GDP

Gross Domestic Product, same as GNP, with the exception that the total value of goods and services excludes foreign investments and the total value of exports.

Repatriation of profits

Return of the financial assets or generated income of an organization or individual from a foreign country to the home country.

Tariffs

Tax on imports or exports usually imposed to raise revenue or to protect domestic firms from import competition. May also be designed to correct an imbalance of payments. The money collected under tariffs is called duty or customs duty.

  中:

以下是一些探討全球經濟的常用術語:

進出口貿易差額報關員培訓網

兩國或兩地區之間以貨幣量來表示的貿易差額(一國貿易額也即該國的商品進出口總額)。如果A國對B國的進口總額大於出口總額 ,那麼A國與B國的貿易出現了貿易逆差,而B國則出現貿易順差

世界貿易組織

世界貿易組織成立於1995年,負責管理各國貿易政策,

解決貿易爭端,以及執行關貿總協定的各項協議。關貿總協定是用以通過在國際貿易活動中降低關稅和減少其他非關稅壁壘,以期達到消除國際商務歧視待遇的。

競爭優勢來源:

一個國家的競爭力依賴於該國產業例新和升級的`能力。各公司企業由於壓力和挑戰的存在而獲得可以超越世界上最強大競爭者的優勢。他們由於有強大的國內競爭對手,有雄厚實力的國內供應商和苛求的國內消費者而收益匪淺。競爭優勢的獲得和保持是通過一個高度本地化的過程來實現的。各國在民族價值、文化、經濟結構、組織機構和歷史方面的差異都有助於在競爭中獲得成功。

自由貿易

自由貿易是指在沒有進口關稅、出口補貼、國內生產補貼、貿易配額或進口許可證等因素限制下進行的貿易或商業活動。自由貿易理論產生的基本依據是比較優勢理論:各地區應致力於生產成本低效率高的商品,來交換其那些無法低成本生產的商品。

資本流動

大筆資金在國與國之間流動以尋求較高的回報率和較好的投資機會。

國民生產總值

國民生產總值指一國經濟在一段時期內,通常是一年,包括貨物和服務在內的所有產品的總值。它是衡量一個國家經濟地位最主要的指標。這其中包括國民和政府採購,私人投資,國內和外國投資,以及出口貿易總額。

國內生產總值

國內生產總值除了不包括外國投資和出口貿易總額外,和國民生產總值完全一樣。

利潤迴流

組織或個人從國外遷回國內的金融資產或收益。

關稅

通常是為了增加財政收入或保護國內企業免受進口產品的競爭壓力而徵收的進出口稅。有時也是為了調整國際收支差額上的 不平衡。這種稅往往被稱作關稅或海關關稅。