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2022年專四閱讀理解訓練題《神祕的海蔘》

專業四級八級 閱讀(2.11W)

儘管2022年的專四還有好長時間才開考,但是已經有考生在默默準備了。下面,小編就為大家送上一篇2022年專四閱讀理解訓練題,希望對大家有所幫助。

2022年專四閱讀理解訓練題《神祕的海蔘》

專四閱讀理解訓練題《神祕的海蔘》:

Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.

Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish brown to sand color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber shaped-hence their name-and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.

Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate-feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.

But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.

1. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?

A. It helps them to digest their food.

B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger.

C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.

D. It makes them attractive to fish.

2. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses______.

A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers

B. the food sources of sea cucumbers

C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers

D. threats to sea cucumbers' existence

3. What can be inferred about the defence mechanisms of the sea cucumber?

A. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.

B. They are almost useless.

C. They require group cooperation.

D. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.

4. Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?

A. A touch B. Food? C. Unusually warm water D. Pollution.

參考答案:

1. B)

2. C)

3. A)

4. B)

Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood.

Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.?

1. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.

A. was one of the first tools B. developed human capabilities? C. led to the invention of machines

D. was crucial to the development of mankind

2. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.

A. disastrous B. unpredictable C. exciting D. colorful

專四閱讀難句練習:

1. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition, can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

2. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

3. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

4. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.

5. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

專四閱讀細節題攻略——泛讀法:

大家知道,閱讀理解題目中最讓人琢磨不定的一種題型就是歸納核心思想的主旨題了,改革後的專四專八更是如此。然而這種題目正是對考生快速準確的閱讀能力的一種考驗。

通常情況下,主旨題一般都針對全文內容提問;有的時候,主旨題也可能針對文章的某一段提問。解決主旨題需要大家對全文、整個段落或者段落內的特定句子有一個準確的把握,需要大家在一個比較短的時間內迅速整合資訊,概括文章或者段落大意,也就是要掌握有效的“泛讀法”。

一般情況下,在文章開頭或者結尾都會出現主旨題的線索,然而,有的時候也需要大家通過文中線索對文章進行綜合處理。以下結合專四真題閱讀理解當中的特定題目給大家介紹幾種泛讀思路。比如:

89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?(2008專四全真試題)

k and Roman Mythology in Language.

B. Mythological Origins ofEnglish Words.

orical Changes in Word Meanings.

ology and Common Words.

文章一開頭就說了許多常見的單詞,如一週的日子和一年的月份的命名都來自於神話故事,由此可推知,作者這樣寫的目的有可能是為了說明和闡述英語裡的許多單詞都來源於神話和傳說這一事實。作者以“tantalize”,“siren”,“jovialmood”,“herculeaneffort”等詞或短語為例,來闡釋這些詞的神話起源。

作者通篇都在講單詞的神話故事,據此判斷,選項B應該為此題答案。此題其實通過閱讀文章開頭段以及每段的第一句話就可以作出合理判斷。

開頭段是一個引子,以單詞“tantalize”為例,給大家引出了單詞和神話故事的淵源,接著每一段都給大家介紹一些單詞的神話起源,整個文章脈絡關係很清晰,方便考生進行主旨判斷。

其實,閱讀理解題型不難,只要大家注意細心去挖掘每一篇短文的脈絡關係,把握好文章的主幹,那麼主旨題也就不攻自破了。再如:

ain purpose of the passage is (2007專四全真試題)

A. todescribe how American children spend their summer.

B. to explain the needs of modern working families.

discuss the problems of the current school calendar.

persuade parents to stay at home to look after their kids.

這篇閱讀理解的脈絡看似含糊,在文章開頭也沒有給大家提供明確的思路。全文侃侃而談,像是在敘述一段往事。然而文章自開頭一直到第四段其實都是在為文章中心話題“school calendar”做鋪墊。

在第五、六段的時候揭示了文章主旨“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family life,”以及“a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. ”

接著討論了大家對“school calendar”的一些建議和想法,文章大部分篇幅都是關於校歷不符合現代工作和家庭生活的需要,以及是否需要對校歷進行修改的探討。因此,選項C符合題意。

這型別的題目屬於閱讀理解中比較難的一類,一般需要大家綜合分析前後文的相互關係,耐心挖掘文章的主旨。

rding to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on themobile________?(2006專四全真試題)

ers

“speak easy”

“space maker”

ers

此題目是針對文章中某一段落內的句子內容進行提問的。解答此型別題目就需要首先鎖定問題所在段落,找到關鍵句,並對關鍵句進行精確分析,和題目相互對比然後進行有效選擇。根據題幹中的“who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile”,可知答案在第六段。

由第六段最後一句“there is the ‘space maker’:these people focus on themselves and keep out other people(還有一種是“矜持型”:他們關注於自身且儘量避開他人)”可看出,“keep out other people”與“is afraid of being heard”意思相同。因此,答案選C。

專八閱讀四點技巧

A、 找出段落的中心思想

任何閱讀材料都有主要意思,即大意(main idea)。文字材料的大意有不同的層次。一個比較長的句子可以說很多事情,但一般只有一個大意,可以用幾個詞概括;一個段落包括很多句子,但也只有一個大意,通常是段落的主題句(topic sentence)包含段落的大意。通常人們說“大意”指的是整篇材料的中心思想。

非小說體的閱讀材料通常有比較明顯的大意,其結構也比較清楚。文章的開頭部分(introduction)會比較明確地指出文章的中心思想。文章主體部分的每一段也往往有主題句,通常在段首或段尾。有些文章的結尾還會對全文作一個總的概括。

B、 如何對待閱讀中的詞彙問題?

閱讀過程中不可避免地要遇到生詞。大綱中規定允許有3%的生詞,也就是說2000個詞中允許有60個左右的生詞,但一般不會有這麼多的生詞。有的人一遇到生詞就停下來查字典,有的則讀完一兩頁後查字典,有的人則完全不管生詞。其實閱讀中遇到生詞只要不影響你對篇章主要意思的理解,一般應該繼續往下讀。如果生詞的確影響你對內容的理解,查字典當然是一種辦法,但很不方便,而且頻繁地查字典不僅影響閱讀速度,而且影響對文章內容的整體理解。所以在平時閱讀時,遇生詞最好的方法是通過上下文猜測。以下幾條建議可幫助你猜測詞義:

(1)看看上下文中有沒有生詞的另一種說法,即找同義詞。有時上下文會對一個生詞作解釋,或者提供一些暗示。

(2)看看生詞在文章中的詞性,即看這個詞是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞或其他詞類。另外再看看這個詞在文中與哪些詞搭配使用,再根據自己的其他知識,就可以進行正確的猜測。

(3)分析生詞的構成,尤其是詞的字首和字尾。英語中很多詞都是加字首或字尾變來的。比如你認識這兩個詞write和similar,根據字首re-和字尾-ity的含義,你就可以準確地猜出rewrite和similarity這兩個詞的意思。

(4)看看同一生詞是否在上下文的其他地方出現,把兩處的語境相比較,也許能更加準確地猜出詞義。

(5)充分利用你關於所閱讀的內容已有的知識。為了鞏固閱讀過程中的生詞,在讀完一篇後,你可以把本篇中最重要的生詞查一下字典,準確地瞭解該生詞在文中的意思。因為我們訓練的篇章都是大綱規定的題材,在真題中也可能會遇到這方面的文章,甚至單詞。

C、 推論出段落的隱含意思

有時,為了某種目的,作者往往不直接說出某一意思,而是含蓄地表達。這種隱含的'意思有時是篇章的主要意思。所以閱讀短文經常需要推論(making inference)。有時一句話的含義需要推論,有時整個篇章的含義需要推論。以下幾條建議可以幫助你進行推論:

(1)結合作者的思想觀點、寫作背景進行推論。

(2)尋找作者直接陳述的諸多事件之間的聯絡。

(3)仔細體會某些重要詞的含蓄意義及其感情色彩。比如politician和statesman的意思都是“政治家”,但前者有貶義的色彩,即“政客”,後者則沒有。

(4)從作者的語氣、語調、措辭等文體特徵,讀出作者的“言外之意”(reading beyond the lines)。

(5)得出某一推斷後,儘量從上下文中尋找證據。

(6)充分利用自己已有的各方面的知識,把文章中所述的事情和自己的閱歷或熟悉的事情聯絡起來考慮。

D、 預測下文內容

預測下文內容也是提高閱讀效率的重要手段。預測與猜測不同。猜測是對自己沒有把握的文字意思的假設,預測則是根據已掌握的資訊假想下文將會發生什麼事情。預測之所以能夠提高閱讀效率,是因為它使你產生某種“期待”(expectations)。帶著這種期待去讀下文,你會努力為你的假想尋找證據,你的注意力將更加集中在文中的重要內容上。

當然,預測也不是隨意的,必須根據已經發生的事情或已瞭解的內容加上你自己的一般常識進行符合邏輯的預測。當你繼續閱讀下文時,你的預測要麼被肯定,要麼被否定。無論是肯定還是否定,都會加深你對原文的理解。以下是幾條建議:

(1)如果你對段落的主題思想已有初步的瞭解,想一想關於這一主題通常要描寫哪些方面的事情,這些事情在本文中會發生嗎?

(2)運用你的英語語言知識及語言在具體語境中的習慣用法,預測文章將要寫什麼。

以上的介紹沒有特別將正常閱讀和快速閱讀分開,是因為無論閱讀哪一部分的試題,都會用到。閱讀能力的提高不是靠短時間的突擊就能提高的,需要我們持之以恆,長期進行正確的操練。英語專業八級考試是科學的語言測試,具有相當的信度和效度,靠投機取巧是不可能取得好成績的,所以,我們衷心希望考生們能通過訓練,真正地提高自己的語言能力,在八級考試中取得好的成績

專四閱讀細節題攻略——鎖定法:

閱讀理解當中的細節題處理方法,其實和大家在做聽力理解時所運用的方法大同小異。

不同的是,聽力理解需要大家將整篇文章聽一遍,而在做閱讀理解的細節題時,大家很多時候是不需要將文章的每一句話都看一遍,可以跳過文章的某些段落,只用尋找和題目相關的段落反覆閱讀去尋找答案,即我們這裡所講的“鎖定法”。比如:

can infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretary's occasional mistakes, if the latter is ____.(2004專四全真試題)

ct rful ble

根據題幹提供的資訊,大家很快泛讀整個文章,那麼答案很快就鎖定在第三段最後一句話“Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary providedshe has a pleasant personality (舉個例子,如果祕書的性格討人喜歡,許多僱主會不計較她偶爾的失誤)。”

鎖定答案之後,大家應該結合題幹反覆閱讀這句話,那麼通過對比分析就可以知道,“pleasant”和“cheerful”意思相同,答案很快就鎖定為選項B了。再如:

95. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of_____. (2008專四全真試題)

r upbringing very early on.

r inability to appeal to the audience.

C. their sense of greater public pressure.

r sense of greater humiliation.

根據題幹提供的資訊,文章答案應該鎖定在第一段最後一句話上。“Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of allkinds. (女人最討厭演講,因為女孩子從小就感受到各種公開露面的壓力。)”

精讀這句話後大家就會發現,選項C和文章中的這句話相似,是對這句話的概括。因此,答案很快就鎖定為C了,還有:

82. What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing? (2007專四全真試題)

lem of sharing and paying.

B. Differences in living habits.

C. Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.

D. Restrictionto invite friends to visit.

根據題幹,題目答案很快被鎖定在第二段。第二段第一句話就提到“withthe added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion(另一個困難是決定由誰來付錢和付多少錢。)”

選型A和文中這句話的意思相似,那麼答案可能是選項A。雖然選項C和選項D都出現在第一段,可是他們屬於“thesame disadvantages”的範疇,題目問的是“theadditional disadvantage”,由此可判斷,選項A為正確答案。還有:

89. Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT_________? (2006專四全真試題)

er social security

job opportunities

er living standard

er legal protection.

根據題幹,題目答案很快可以被鎖定在第四段。第四段的第三句話提到“Socialsecurity and laws to improve job security, combined with a generalrise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the20th century,have made it less necessary than before to worryabout ‘tomorrow’(提高工作安全性的社會保障和法律,以及二十世紀五十年代以來生活標準的整體提高,已使得人們不再像以前一樣擔憂‘明天’)”

由此可以看出,“socialsecurity, laws和risein the standardof living”都是提高工作安全性的原因,那麼選項B就可以被鎖定為本題答案了。

專四深度閱讀作題技巧有哪些

在英語專四閱讀中要弄清楚層次,個人以為要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落內部的次中心,這些在一些文章主旨題和一些細節題上很受用。常規的文章主旨都會有其固定的出現地點:首段末尾處、第二段的開頭和最後一段。

當然也有非常規的情況,這就需要靠自己的能力去尋找。找主旨需要慢慢訓練,常規的、非常規的文章都能通過真題並結合後面的專家解析,這樣能力就能夠很快地提升。

常規文章行文邏輯:

本文中一直的強調要重視文章邏輯,那麼,一般的都有哪些邏輯呢?通過一般歸納總結,大致可以得到四個邏輯框架。這些框架特別有助於理解文章的總體內容,閱讀過程按框架有重點地跳讀,辨明邏輯主線,在把握文章重點、段落中心和段內次中心基礎上,會有很好的效果。

也許,在做英語專四閱讀之初,很多平日裡有紮實功底的同學也會出現全軍覆沒的局面,出現這種情況,並不一定是英語詞彙有巨大的缺知,而可能是邏輯上出現混亂。現在將框架簡單介紹如下:

框架1:提出問題——分析問題——解決問題

框架2:敘述現象——分析現象——結論

框架3:提出觀點——支援或反駁該觀點——重申觀點

框架4:兩種東西對比——分項對比——總體對照

在閱讀中要有意識的將文章歸類分析,弄清邏輯,以上列出的是主幹,還需進一步分析到枝葉,這樣才能達到層次清晰的程度。到段落級別,文章中心也容易辨出,多數文章中心在首末,少數會出現在段中。

於是在理解閱讀文章的時候,在定位完畢後儘量將重點閱讀範圍擴大多句,觀察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。一般情況,較接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正確答案,當然在最終填寫答案的時候還是細細分析更為可靠。

含答案的重點位置:

所謂文章重點就是閱讀文章時得特別關注的地方,也是我們在瀏覽文章時眼界的著力點。在考研閱讀中,出題點一般都是文章中較為重要的地方,常見的有段落的中心和次中心;對於非中心,一般不會考察。

這是研究生入學考試的選拔性和閱讀科技論文實用性所決定的。上述的邏輯對於巨集觀題基本可以一網打盡,但對於微觀題,我們必須通過重點位置的提示來解決。下面通過一些分析和重點位置的介紹來理解把握文章的細節:

1、所有文章的中心與段落中心和次中心。

2、轉折和因果。在閱讀中,最好把含有轉折和因果的詞句標出來,因為轉折和因果都意味著作者的觀點和態度,相對一般句子更有強調性。例如:because,for,but,however……

3、表示觀點的句子、觀點的詞可能多處出現,當然並不是所有觀點的句子和詞彙都是重點,但值得一讀。閱讀文章中對這些詞語的敏感是件令人興奮的事情,所以平時應做好積累如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,find,think,believe,show,pointout,content,acclaim,say等。

4、特殊標點符號,有的表示具體說明、有表解釋、有表反義等等,均有或強或弱的強調意味,主要的特殊標點符號有:——、()、“”等。

5、情態動詞。should,must都能表達作者感情的因素,能從側面反映作者對於某事物的觀點,理應重點閱讀。

6、特殊句型。例如副詞提前加逗號這種形式Variety……Significantly……副詞在句中起著很大作用,能反映態度,能表程度,這種特殊句型更有強調的成分,值得多閱讀分析。

7、有指代的比較級、最高階和such/so等。

上面列舉的一些重點特徵很多,無異就是一些相對突出強調的詞語。閱讀文章的時候,僅靠這些重點基本上可以做出大部分的閱讀題。閱讀時快速畫出重點,僅閱讀含有重點特徵的句子,對文章進行“減肥”,以提高閱讀效率。

選項特點:

1、正確答案的特點

(1)與原文句子同義詞替換。

(2)相對原文語法變化,如原文中的被動變為主動。

(3)正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案變成肯定的正面敘述;原文是肯定形式,從正面敘述,答案變成否定形式從反面敘述。

(4)AB角度,原文從A角度敘述某事,而答案從B角度敘述同一件事情,本質不變。

(5)具體抽象,即原文具體事例,答案變為抽象概括,或反之。

2、干擾選項的特點

(1)照抄原文,個別詞語不同。

(2)一半資訊符合原文,一半資訊不符。

(3)將原文某些資訊張冠李戴。

(4)與原文敘述的內容相反。

(5)與原文中沒有出現觀點新資訊。

(6)含有絕對化的詞語,如only, always, never, all, everything, anything, verybody, nobody!

(7)邏輯錯誤,因果顛倒等。