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Powering a City? It’s a Breeze.1
The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries — a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips — yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.2 Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts3, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence4 and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns. Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague5 has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$ 8,000 to US$12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours. But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane. Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia6, is the most densely populated in Europe. Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns7, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturer. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don’t know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic. Meanwhile, projects are under way8 to use minimills9 to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It’s a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard, I don’t think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.”
詞彙: windmill / 5windmil/n.風車 lifeboat / 5laIfbEJt/n.救生艇 tulip / 5tju:lip/n.鬱金香 (花) minimill / 5mini mil /n.微型風車 ungainly / Qn5^einli/ adj.笨拙的，難看的 teethe / ti:T/ v.出乳牙;生牙 hectic / 5hektik/adj.忙碌不停的 ;忙亂的 backyard / bAk5jB:d/n.後院 vibration / vai5breiFEn/n.振動 turbulence / 5t:bjJlEns /n.(液體或氣體的' )紊流;湍prototype / 5prEutEtaip/n.原型;樣品;典型 流 kilowatt / 5kilEuwCt/n.千瓦[略作 KW，wk] roof-top / ru:f tCp /n.平頂房的屋頂 turbine / 5tE:bin/n.透(機)，渦輪 (機) characterize / 5kArIktEraIz /v.表示……的特徵註釋:
1. It’s a breeze: breeze既可作“微風”解，也有“容易做的事 ”的意思。本文主題與風力有關，作者的隱含意義是:風力發電不是件難事。
2. The graceful wooden windmills … yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines:優雅的木製風車早已為笨拙的金屬渦輪所代替。 yielded to:意為“ to give place，as to one that is superior”(讓位於 )。Ungainly：笨拙的，與前面的 graceful形成對照。 turbines：將流動的液體的動能轉化為機械能的裝置。
3. rural counterparts：這裡指鄉村中傳統的“ wooden windmills”。counterpart z相對物。
4. turbulence：紊流，即指“不規則的大氣運動”。
5. Hague：海牙，荷蘭實際上的首都，是政府所在地，而 Amsterdam (阿姆斯特丹 )是憲法規定的首都。
6. Slovenia：斯洛維尼亞，原為南斯拉夫聯邦的一部分， 1991年 6月 25日脫離南斯拉夫成為獨立主權國家，即斯洛維尼亞共和國 (Republic of Slovenia)，首都為盧布林雅那 (Ljubljana)。
7. public safety concerns：公共安全問題
8. under way：已經開始或起動的;在進行中的
9. minimills由前縀 mini- (小的)和 mills構成。練習：
1. What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph? A The flat landscape. B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills. C Metal-pole turbines. D Both A and B.
2. Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph? A It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation. B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people. C It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient. D It is driven by urban wind.
3. The smallest models of an urban turbine A is designed for private homes. B weighs 2,000 kilograms.
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C can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane. D can he installed with a crane.
4. Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because A the Dutch are natural pioneers. B the Dutch have a tradition with windmills. C the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia. D the Netherlands is a small country with a large population.
5. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology? A It can be used for different purposes. B It can replace nuclear power plant. C It can be installed in one’s backyard. D Both A and C.
答案與題解 :1. B 文章的第一段提供了答案。 wooden windmills像 wooden shoes and tulips一樣，都是 national symbol (國家的象徵 )。the Dutch：荷蘭人， the Netherlands:荷蘭。
2. B 第二段的第二句提供了答案。 A不是正確的選項，因為這個句子沒有突出這種 windmill 是一項高科技產物，也未說明是城市還是鄉村的建築。 C也不是正確選項，因為文章中只是說 urban turbine重量比鄉村木製風年輕，噪音也較小，且常常比鄉村木製風車更有效率，但這不等於說它的重量輕、噪音小，另外其有效性也不是重量輕、噪音小的結果。
3. C A是錯誤選項，第四段告訴我們目前這些渦輪機更多地不是為私宅而是為公共建築或商業建築而設計。 B明顯數字錯誤， D也是明顯錯誤，只有 C是正確選項。
4. D第五段的第一句告訴我們，由於土地有限，荷蘭人在城市風力發電技術方面是當然的先鋒，第二句說，荷蘭是歐洲人口昀為密集的國家。因此， D是正確選項。
5. D 文章段後一段提到風力有許多用途，還能在你的後院使用。因此 D是正確答案。
