英語是從國小階段到大學，甚至是工作之後都需要學習的科目，想要走得更遠，學習英語是必須的。今天，小編特意為大家推薦英語閱讀理解常考題型解題方法，希望大家喜歡！
首先，讓我們看一下閱讀理解能力測試的基本要求：
1. 理解主旨和要義；
2. 理解文中具體資訊；
3. 根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義；
4. 作出簡單判斷和推理；
5. 理解文章的基本結構；
6. 理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度。
根據這六項要求，我們可將閱讀理解題歸納為以下幾種題型：細節理解題、詞句理解題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、文章結構題等。下面作者結合平時教學中的經驗體會，談一談做英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。
1、主旨大意題
主旨大意題是對文章主題的一種考查方式。它包括段落大意題、全文大意題及標題歸納題。
2、段落大意題
段落大意題主要測試考生對某段文字的整體理解程度以及在速讀中準確把握段落大意的能力，一般針對某一語段的主旨或目的設題。做這類題，關鍵在於抓住該段文字的主旨。
首先，從段首找大意。有些段落的首句便是該段的主題句，抓住了主題句便抓住了該段的大意。
其次，從段尾找大意。有些段落在列舉事實和舉出事例之後，在段尾進行總結，得出結論。這樣，段尾句就成了該段的主題句。
再次，從段中找大意。有些段落的主題句位於段落的中間位置。這種段落常常以一句或幾句話引出話題，接著提出主題句，然後再舉例或論證。
最後，歸納總結段落大意。有些段落並沒有明顯的主題句，或者說根本就沒有主題句。遇到這種情況，我們需要根據段落內容概括出本段的大意。
總之，在做段落大意題時，要站在整個段落的高度，概括出大意，切忌以偏概全、以點代面。
3、全文大意題
文章的主旨是通過段落來表達的，而段落大意主要由主題句來體現，所以段落的主題句是構成文章中心思想的有機組成部分。因此，識別各段落的主題句並由此歸納出文章的中心思想是解答該類題的關鍵。做這類題時常用略讀法。具體技巧有：
1. 讀首尾段抓主旨。文章的主旨多出現在首尾段中。根據具體情況，學生可細讀首尾段或將兩段結合起來考慮。（注意：主題段也可能出現在文章中間。）
2. 歸納各段落主旨。如果作者沒有直接點明主題，讀者則需要綜合全篇各段的段落大意，從而歸納出全文的大意。
4、標題歸納題
標題歸納題主要考查學生對文章主題思想的把握和抽象概括語言的能力。做好標題歸納題，要注意以下幾點：
1. 瞭解標題形式上的特點。英語文章標題的形式多種多樣，可以是一兩個單詞、一個短語、一個名詞性從句、一個簡單句，還可以是一個祈使句。從字面上看，常常是短小精悍, 言簡意賅。
2. 瞭解標題內容上的特點。標題必須做到能夠概括文章的主旨，揭示文章的主要內容，切忌以偏概全、以點代面，也不能過於寬泛。
3. 瞭解標題吸引力的特點。人們常以標題來判斷文章是否具有可讀性，因此文章是否能夠吸引讀者在一定程度上取決於標題是否具有吸引力。
4. 瞭解歸納標題的方法。標題歸納題關鍵是要找主題句，主題句可能出現在首段、末段或者中間段，而對於沒有主題句的文章，我們需要從整篇文章的高度進行概括。
[例1]（節選自2011年安徽卷D篇）
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (復興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistle, etc.
備註：
independence獨立；
affect影響
majority大多數；
instrument樂器
68. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
A. How the Irish fought against the English.
B. How Ireland gained independence.
C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D. How two “Irelands” came into being.
70. The last paragraph is mainly about _____.
A. the Irish character
B. Irish culture
C. Irish musical instruments
D. a famous Irish writer
71. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Life in Ireland
B. A Very Difficult History
C. Ireland, Past and Present
D. The Independence of Ireland
[解析]
68. 根據文章第一段倒數第三句The result is that today there are two “Irelands”可知，作者想告訴我們愛爾蘭分裂成為南北兩個“愛爾蘭”的歷史原因，故選D項。
70. 文章最後一段主要向我們介紹了愛爾蘭人的音樂文化、語言、文學和演唱的復興，接著敘述了不同的音樂風格、樂器等，因此可以判斷B項正確，其他選項只是其中的一個方面。
71. 根據文中提到的時間及For many years和Since independence等資訊可知，本文主要介紹了愛爾蘭的發展史。Life in Ireland愛爾蘭的生活；A Very Difficult History一段非常艱難的.歷史；Ireland, Past and Present愛爾蘭的過去與現在；The Independence of Ireland愛爾蘭的獨立。只有C項能體現文章的主旨大意。
5、細節理解題
細節理解題主要考查學生查詢資訊的能力和對句子的理解能力, 要求學生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節進行理解判斷。
直接資訊
解答此類試題時，不必通篇細讀全文，而採取“帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關鍵詞，然後以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的段落、語句，對照比較，確定答案。
此類題的正確選項往往是原文意義的不同表達方式，一般有以下特徵：1. 對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行替換；2. 詞性或者語態的變化；3. 語言簡化。
干擾項也是以文中的某個細節設定，常有以下幾種情況：1. 選項本身正確，但不符合題幹要求；2. 選項本身錯誤；3. 選項中含有原文資訊，但其中個別詞描述得不準確，這種選項的干擾性最強，考生在答題時要十分注意。
間接資訊
間接型細節理解題考查的是考生獲取和理解隱藏在文字下的複雜資訊的能力。
間接型細節理解題通常有兩種命題方式。一是題幹針對原文某一資訊進行轉述，即題乾的中心資訊詞不是原文文字，而是原文某一資訊的全新表達。解答這一類題目的關鍵是準確理解題乾的意思，然後在文中找出與題幹中心意思相一致的資訊。二是以原文資訊背後隱含的內容作為命題點，要求考生立足原文資訊，準確理解未表達的間接資訊。解答這一類題目時，需要依據若干具體的資訊進行比較、歸納和概括，有時還要作合乎邏輯的推理。
[例2]（節選自2011年大綱全國卷II D篇）
The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we’re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don’t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化).
Some of these differences may be only on the surface — dress, food and hours of work — while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (氣候), while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (準時). If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?
A. Ask the native people for help.
B. Understand and accept them.
C. Do things in our own way.
D. Do in-depth research.
55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are _____.
A. Italians B. Germans
C. Greeks D. the British
[解析]
54. 由第三段最後一句可知，我們要習慣文化差異並接受存在的文化差異，故選B項。
55. 由最後一段If you invite people ... on time inGermany... 可知B項正確。
