從語法詞彙角度分析， 為什麼雅思寫作7分，可望而不可及?很多童鞋雅思都會卡在寫作上，大部分學校都要求單科不能低於6，而寫作千年5.5，還有學生想要4個7，而寫作也是考了n次都差那麼一點點。我們今天從語法和詞彙的角度分析一下，寫作6分，7分的詞彙語法到底應該是什麼樣的。
雅思寫作中詞彙評分標準
lexical resource
官方給出的7分評分標準：
*uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
*uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
*may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation
*
官方給出的6分評分標準：
*uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
*attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
*makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication
同六分詞彙標準相比，7 分多了兩個要求： flexibility (靈活性) and precision (準確性)。靈活性暗示我們在作文中要設定同意替換詞 。比如， 第一段寫了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions
準確性 指在該題目下貼切的，核心的詞彙 。比如政府話題寫出welffare 福利一詞，環保話題寫出environmental-friendly 一詞。
7分和6分同時要求：要有less common lexical items, 不普通的，含義較深刻的詞彙。比如undermine ( v. 逐漸破壞)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好，地道不地道，是否注意到了style( 文體) 和 collocation (搭配)決定了是6還是7.
所以在寫作中，詞彙在準確使用的基礎上，我們一定要注意設定同意替換詞。在練習時我們就要不斷積累同意替換詞，在經常使用的單詞上多想想，還可以替換什麼樣的詞和表達方式。
給出一些寫作中常見的一些同意替換詞：
人們 people /the public /individuals /citizens
年輕? the young /juvenile /youth /teenager
?年人 the old / the elderly /senior citizens / the aged
員? workers /employees /staff / clerks
競爭對? /rivals /competitor /opponent /adversary /contender
特點,特徵 trait /feature /attribute /characteristic /quality
結果,後果 outcome /result /consequence
缺乏,缺少 lack /shortage /insufficiency
標準,基準 benchmark /standard /criteria
大量的 a lot of /enormous /plenty of
可行的,可操作的 practical /feasible /workable /usable
重要的 important /essential /crucial /critical /key /pivotal
產?,造成 produce /generate /create /trigger /pose /engender
解決,處理 solve /settle /tackle /handle /cope with
使?,利用 use /utilize /employ /exploit /harness
支援,資助 support /sponsor /back up /subsidize /finance
提高,推動,加強 improve /promote /enhance /strengthen /facilitate /boost
改變,轉變 change /shift /alter /transform /convert
重視,強調 highlight /emphasis /underline /underscore pay/draw attention to
忽視,輕視 ignore /neglect /overlook /underestimate
雅思寫作中語法評分標準
grammar range and accuracy
7 7分評分標準：使用多種多樣的'複合句
*use a variety of complex structures
*produces frequent error-free sentences
*has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
(那麼什麼算是a variety of 呢?3種以上才稱得上 a variety of,所以寫作中要寫出4種以上不同的從句。 劍橋書後的考官範文，平均每篇12 句話，2句話是簡單句，2句話是並列句，其餘8句都是各種從句)
6分評分標準：簡單句和複合句的混合使用
*uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
*makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication
英文句式：簡單句，並列句， 限制性定語從句=分詞做定語，非限制性定語從句，名詞性從句(主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句)， 狀語從句=分詞做狀語，強調句，倒裝句，插入語結構， 雙重否定表肯定結構
在寫作中，我們要熟練，正確，恰當的應用多種句式與結構。 當然除了句式我們還有時態，準確恰當運用各種時態在簡單句和複合句中。
我們從一些例句中，學習一下語法句式可以如何轉換。
the rapid development of economy, the environment has been deteriorated . (主+謂的簡單句)
= As the economy develops rapidly, the environment has been deteriorated. (as引導的時間狀語從句)
2. Experts suggest the government to take down the old buildings in the urban center in order to improve the city image. (主 +謂+ 賓+賓補的簡單句)
= Experts suggest that the government should tear down urban old buildings in order to enhance the image of this city. (that引導的賓語從句)
3. People who live in the city could enjoy enormous living benefits.(定語從句)
= People living in the city could enjoy enormous living benefits. (現在分詞做定語)
4. The money which was spent on wild animals protection should have been used to improve human lives . (定語從句)
=The money spent on wild animal protection should have been used to improve human lives. (過去分詞做定語)
5. Space exploration is by no means inexpensive. It could exert heavy financial burden on the government. (兩個簡單句)
= Space exploration, which is by no means inexpensive, could exert heavy financial burden on the government. (非限定性定語從句)
6. Some people think that the advantages of studying abroad overweigh its disadvantages. (賓語從句)
= Some people hold the belief that the benefits of studying abroad outweigh its drawbacks. (同位語從句)
7. = When the hotline was put into use in April, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (時間狀語從句)
=Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.( 分詞短語作時間狀語)
use she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (原因狀語從句)
=Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (分詞短語作原因狀語)
9. The factories near the living quarters emit plenty of toxic gas and pollute the environment. (簡單句)
=The factories near the living quarters emit plenty of toxic gas, polluting the environment. 現在分詞做伴隨狀語
10. Spring came on, and the trees turned green. (並列句)
= when spring came on, the trees turned green .(. 時間狀語從句)
=Spring coming on, the trees turned green. (獨立主格結構)
11.I seldom visited my grandparents with my patents since i lived in a different city.(簡單句)
=Seldom did I visit my grandparents with my patents since I lived in a different city. (倒裝句)
14.I understand that you love me best in the world only through this crisis.
(賓語從句)
= Only through this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.
(倒裝句)
15. Cars and factories release a great deal of gases and pollute the environment.
(簡單句)
=It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
(強調句)
16. Topics of punishment of criminals always arouse people’s attention. (簡單句)
=Topics of the punishment of criminals never fail to arouse people’s attention.
(雙重否表肯定)
= Never do topics of the punishment of criminals fail to arouse people’s attention. (倒裝句)
通過這些例句，學生應該可以看到從簡單句到複合句式的轉換，句式的多樣性，是保證一篇作文取得高分的硬性要求，也是一個學生語言高水平的體現。
