雅思考試分學術類和培訓類兩種，分別針對申請留學的學生和計劃在英語語言國家參加工作或移民的人士。為了幫助大家備考雅思，小編分享了一些英語閱讀材料，歡迎閱讀!
軟飲料行業
Ms Nestle, a professor at New York University, is both heartened by recent progress and dissatisfied with it. That is no surprise. Her first book, “Food Politics” (2002), remains a bible for those who bewailthe power of food companies. In her new book she attacks the industry’s most widely consumed, least healthy product. “Soda Politics”, she says, is a book “to inspire readers to action”. As a rallying cry,it is verbose. When readers learn on page 238 that she will pick up a particular subject in chapter 25, it is with no little dismay that they realise they are only on chapter 17. But what the author wants most is to craft a meticulous guide to the producers’ alleged transgressions, and how to stop them.
對於最近取得的進展，奈斯特女士，這位紐約大學的教授頗受鼓舞，但並不滿足於此。這也不足為奇。她的第一本書“糧食政策”依舊被那些哀嘆食品企業權勢的人們奉為經典。在新書中，奈斯特女士對軟飲料行業消費最廣，最有害健康的產品進行了抨擊。《軟飲料策略》這本書旨在激勵人們採取行動，奈斯特說到。然而作為戰鬥口號，卻顯得頗為繁冗。讀者們在第238頁瞭解到奈斯特將在第25章講述一個特別的主題，卻意識到自己才看到第17章，但他們並沒有因此而沮喪。作者最想做的是擬定一份詳細的指南，指出生產商曾經的過失，並想方設法阻止他們的這種行為。
【必背詞彙】
hearten激勵;鼓舞
progress進展
be dissatisfied with不滿
bewail哀嘆
most widely consumed消費最廣的
rallying cry戰鬥口號;振臂一呼
dismay沮喪
craft擬定;製作
meticulous詳細的
alleged所謂的;被聲稱的
transgression侵犯;犯罪
人眼
The reason people can see words on paper, the sunrise in the morning, or the bright light of the moon at night, it is because of the human eyes. A person can view some of the parts of the human eye by looking into a mirror.
人們之所以可以看到紙上的字、早晨的日出或是夜晚明亮的月光都是因為人的眼睛。我們可以在照鏡子的時候觀察到眼睛的一部分。
The eye is situated inside a hollow area of the skull called the eye socket. The eyelid protects the front part of the eye keeping it clean and moist by blinking. This is the opening and shutting of the eye throughout the day. Blinking is both voluntary, meaning it can be controlled, and involuntary, meaning it sometimes happens automatically. When the eyelid blinks automatically, it is a reflex. This reflex occurs when the eyes need to adjust to bright light, or when they are needed to shut quickly for protection. The eyelids keep dirt and other substances from entering a person's eyes.
眼睛位於眼窩頭骨的中空區域內。眼瞼保護眼睛的前部，通過眨眼使其保持清潔和溼潤。這也控制了眼睛全天的開合。眨眼可以是可控制的`，也就是說它也可以通過人為控制非自願地進行也可以在不知情的情況下自動發生。自然情況下的眨眼是一種條件反射。當眼睛需要調整到更為明亮的光線，或在為了保護眼睛而需要迅速閉眼時就會出現此反射。眼瞼防止汙垢和其他物質進入人的眼睛。
The white part of the eye is the sclera. The sclera is the outer covering of the eyeball, which is made of a very tough material. It also contains blood vessels that deliver blood to the sclera. The cornea is a transparent dome that is located in front of the colored part of your eye. It helps with the focusing of the eye when light enters. It is a very difficult part to see because it is made of a clear tissue. Think of the cornea as a window the person's eye sees through.
眼睛的白色部分是鞏膜。鞏膜是眼球，它由非常堅硬的材料組成。該部分也包括了向鞏膜輸送血液的血管。角膜是位於眼睛的彩色部分前的透明圓頂。它有助於眼睛對光聚焦。這是一個非常難觀察到的部分因為它的是由透明組織組成。可以把角膜看作人眼的一扇窗戶。
Located behind the cornea is the iris, which is the colorful part of the eye. There are muscles attached to the iris that change its shape, which controls the amount of light going through the pupil. The pupil is the black circle in the middle of the iris and lets the light enter the eye. The pupils adjust to the light by opening wider when more light is needed, and shrinks when there is plenty of light available. The anterior chamber is the space between the iris and cornea, which is filled with a transparent fluid keeping the eye healthy.
位於角膜後面的是虹膜，這是眼睛色彩豐富的一部分。與虹膜相連的肌肉改變其形狀從而控制進入瞳孔的光的量。瞳孔是虹膜中間的黑色圓圈，光線通過瞳孔進入眼內。瞳孔可以收縮，當需要更多的光線時，瞳孔擴張;當週圍的光線十分充足，瞳孔緊縮。眼球前房在虹膜和角膜之間，前方中充滿透明流體用來保護眼睛的健康。
When light enters the eye it next hits the lens, which is located behind the iris and it is transparent. Like all lenses, they are usually used to focus light, and this is what the lens of the eye does. It focuses light rays on the back of the eyeball to the retina. This part is home to millions of cells that are sensitive to light. The retina takes the light and changes it to signals which are sent to the brain. The brain in turn is able to tell a person what they are seeing. The image received in the eye is actually upside down when the optic nerve, like a high speed telephone line, sends the signal to the brain, When the brain receives it, though, the image seen is flipped right-side up. This happens so fast; a person won't even realize what is happening between the eyes and brain.
光進入眼睛後照在虹膜後面的透明的晶狀體上。如同所有的透鏡，晶狀體也用於將光聚焦。它將光線聚焦到眼球后部的視網膜上。這部分由數百萬光敏細胞組成。視網膜接收光線，並將其轉換成傳送到大腦的視覺訊號。而大腦則告訴人眼所看到的畫面。眼睛接收到的影象實際上是顛倒的，視神經像高速電話線將訊號傳送到大腦，當大腦接收到它所看到的影象被向右朝上翻。這個過程發生的太快以致人無法意識到眼睛到大腦之間發生的這一系列活動。
There is also a muscle located in the eye called the ciliary muscle. This muscle changes the shape of the lens when things are needed to be seen up close, far away, or out of the corners of the eyes. The lens becomes thicker when a person needs to see something up close, like reading, but becomes thinner when seeing something far away, like when riding a bike. The largest eye part is the vitreous body, which takes up about 2/3 of the volume of the eye, as well as giving the eye its shape.
眼睛附近也有一種被稱為睫狀肌的肌肉。當人需要看清遠近距離不同的物體，則需要睫狀肌調整晶狀體形狀。當人需要看清近在眼前的物體，比如閱讀，晶狀體就會變厚;而當人需要看清遠處的東西，比如騎自行車時，晶狀體就會變得很薄。眼睛最大的部分是玻璃體，約佔據了眼睛的容積的2/3，而且玻璃體也決定了眼睛的形狀。
The retina also uses special cells called rods (about 120 million of them) and cones (7 million) located in each eye to help it process light. The rods see in black, white and gray and passes along the shape of what is seen. It also can tell the difference between colors, and helps a person's vision when there is very little light. Cones are more helpful in bright light.
視網膜上有特殊的視杆細胞，每隻眼睛上約有1.2億個視杆細胞和7億個視錐細胞用於處理光線。視杆接收黑色、白色和灰色光線並且傳遞所看到物體的形狀。視杆細胞還可以區分顏色，並用於夜視力。而視錐細胞在光線明亮時發揮的作用更大。
In summary, there are many parts of the eyes that work together to help you see and enjoy the different sights and colors surrounding you throughout the day.
總之，無數眼睛內的組織協同作用使得人類看到和欣賞不同的風景以及周邊的五光十色。
