每一種寫作，無論是求職信、申請信、新聞報道、科幻小說都有各自的結構。這種結構就是文章的骨架，是文章的基本要素，那麼英語寫作的邏輯結構有哪些呢?一起來了解一下!
1分類結構：
在分類結構中，一系列同樣重要的主題將被闡述。政治演說，如競選演說，甚至國情諮文演說，都是分類結構的例子。求職信中你可能會使用類似的結構，因為你會描述使你成為這個職位理想人選的所有特質。
Categorical: In a categorical structure, a series of equally important topics are addressed. A political speech, like a campaign speech or even The State of the Union Address, is a good example of categorical writing. You might use a similar structure in a cover letter for a job application, in which you describe all of your traits that would make you an ideal candidate for the position.
2評價結構：
在評價結構中，一個問題會首先被引入，然後作者再進行利弊的權衡。在寫電子郵件時，你可以使用一個評價結構來詢問一個好朋友的建議。
Evaluative: In an evaluative structure, a problem is introduced, and then pros and cons are weighed. You might employ an evaluative structure when writing an e-mail to ask a close friend for advice.
3時間邏輯結構：
當你的注意力更多地是真實地講述故事而不是最終結果時，就採用時間順序結構。想想笑話是怎麼講的：”三個傢伙走進酒吧……“ 設定一系列事件來傳遞最後的Punchline(關鍵語、笑料)。同樣的，大多數短篇故事和小說都是以時間順序進行的。
Chronological: When your focus is more the actual telling of the story than the end result, employ a chronological structure. Think of joke telling. "Three guys walk into a bar…" sets up a sequence of events to deliver that final punch line. Similarly, most short stories and novels are written chronologically.
4對比結構：
對比結構類似於評價結構，但是這種結構用於要分析的目標有更多的層級需要衡量的情況。在準備辯論賽的辯論稿時，你可以用對比結構來闡述你的.觀點比對方的觀點強的原因。你也可以用對比結構闡述你為什麼覺得市議會提高當地稅收的決定是不正確的。
Comparative: This structure is similar to evaluative, but it is used when there are more layers to the situation at hand that is being weighed. You might use a comparative structure if you were writing a speech for a debate team to explain the various reasons why you feel your point is stronger than your opponent’s. Or you might use a comparative structure to write a letter to the editor explaining all the reasons you disagree with the city council’s decision to raise local taxes.
5順序結構：
順序結構與時間邏輯結構相似，但是這種結構通常會包含一種指引性的語氣和一步一步的過程的說明。如果你想要教別人怎麼做巧克力千層蛋糕、或者怎麼找到當地的住宿，你都應該用這種結構寫作，用上“首先“、“然後”、“接著”、“最後”等詞。
Sequential: This structure is similar to Chronological, but is normally employed with a how-to voice when a step-by-step process is being described. If you were going to write about how to make your famous chocolate layer cake, or how to get to a great bed-and-breakfast you discovered out in the country, you would write sequentially, using words like, "First," "Next," "Then," and "Finally" to clarify your instructions.
6因果結構：
這個結構一看其來似乎跟對比結構相似，但這種結構裡面不包含不同內容之間的比較，而是探討一件事情的起因和結果。你可以用這種結構探討空氣汙染的原因，或者寫信說明你為什麼要辭職。
Causal: This structure might at first glance seem similar to Comparative structures, but it differs in that it does not involve weighing options against one another. Instead, it discusses the causes and then the effects regarding a particular topic or issue in that order. You might use this structure if you were writing an article on how something has come about, such as the contributing factors to air pollution. Or you might employ this technique in a letter explaining why you have decided to resign from your job.
在知道了各種不同的寫作邏輯結構之後，開始去關注你接觸到的文章的“骨架”吧。無論是看報紙雜誌或者網路文章，你都應該留意一下它們的基本論點都是怎麼組織的。好的寫作者會持續不斷地關注自己所閱讀的東西來磨練自己的技巧。
Now that you know about the different kinds of structures, start paying attention to the skeletons of all the pieces of writing around you. The next time you flip through a magazine in a doctor’s waiting room, or skim through a weekly e-newsletter that you subscribe to, or even read a letter from a friend, take some time to x-ray the writing and see how its bare bones are connected. Good writers hone their skills by being constantly aware of what they’re reading.
