導語：很多人在託福寫作中為“如何舉例子”而煩惱，小編今天就給大家講講這方面的知識，希望可以幫助到大家。
何為“舉例”?
“If you want to write an effective paper or make a successful argument, you need more than simple reliance on yourself for the ‘truth’. This means finding evidence to support your position: facts, statistics, the research of experts in the field, yours and other people’s experience and so forth.” (“Why Essays Need Supporting Evidence”) 從以上這段節選自美國大學寫作教材的文字來看。內容上，大部分同學所使用的例子內容，比如“我的鄰居小明…”，這樣的例子是正確的。因為鄰居小明的故事屬於他人經歷(others’ experience)例子。
那麼問題到底出在了哪裡?為什麼內容上正確的例子依然無法幫助同學們在考試中獲得理想的分數?我們來看接下來這句話: “your success in writing a convincing paper depends both on the evidence you bring forth and on your interpretation of that evidence.” 這句話與評分標準中提到的”display unity”相呼應。“Display unity”指的是一篇文章中的論據和論點要有統一性，即論據全部指向論點併為證明論點而服務。那麼，一篇高分的託福作文除了內容上需要提供例子，邏輯上，對事例內容的解讀以及例子內容關聯論點都非常重要。所以，如果只是提供了大量的有內容的例子，而沒有對內容進行篩選和評價，從評分標準和寫作要求來看，由這樣的例子構成的文章並不會得到理想的分數。託福寫作，需要的是有說服力的例子，而不是僅僅陳述內容猶如流水賬的例子。
何為“有說服力的例子”?
我們先來看一個段落, 節選自A同學習作：
Topic：小孩子到底該不該看電視?
節選段落：
In addition, another important reason is that watching TV is a way to make your pressure decrease quickly. For example,Lisa, a student in high-school, does not know how to keep the pressure down. When some students study tired, they want to watch TV for relax,such as watch movies, TV play, and so on, she is also studying. Because of that,she often get ill easily for study too harder. Lisa does not know how to keep the pressure down, So she often stay a nervous heart in exam, The bad mood can influence her grades. Form the example we can know that watching TV is not bad for grades, it can also keep you from pressure. As far as I am concerned. I do not agree that parents want their children get good grades at schools by stop students from watching TV. If students watch TV for relax, parents can not stop students to watch TV.
相信大部分同學在看完這段節選文章之後, 只有一個感覺：“亂”。撇開原文中的語法問題不談，整個段落的邏輯框架非常的混亂。作者想要證明看電視可以幫助小孩緩解壓力，正常情況下的舉例內容是該跟緩解壓力有關，但是文章裡使用的是“一個叫Lisa的小女孩不知道該如何緩解壓力，然後壓力太大成績不好”的故事。典型的例子和論點沒有關係，即使這個例子寫得語言再優美，句式再豐富都沒有用。就像是你想證明約翰列儂的歌特別棒，但是你居然舉了一個他養了三條狗的故事，效果是一樣的。例子的邏輯走向和觀點不符，這樣的情況就是最常見的無效舉例，或者被稱為無效論證。
