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Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A Grassroots Remedy
A) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 喪失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多動症) e whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.
E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等級) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
F) Most bullying (持槍凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳動物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.
Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.
Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.
Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.
Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.
46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.
47. The author's profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.
48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.
49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.
50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.
51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showed much better improvement.
53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.
54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking, sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.
55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.
Section B
大自然療法
A)【47】我們中的大多數人都套花時間尋求與大自然親近。為此，我們會遛狗，打高爾夫，釣魚，去花園靜坐，在外面喝酒而不是去酒館，去野餐，在郊區居住，逛海邊以及花錢去鄉村度週末。英國最受歡迎的休閒活動是散步。慢跑者不會在大街上跑步，都會本能地向公園或小河邊跑。我深信，我們不僅需要大自然，而且我們也都在尋覓著大自然，不管我們有沒有認識到這一點。
B)儘管如此，我們的孩子們似乎正在喪失自然的天性。我的童年是在倫敦南部的Streatham Common度過的，那時候我很喜歡爬樹。現如今，孩子們的那些自由已經被剝奪了，因為犯罪、交通問題層出不窮，露天場所大量流失，【50】還有一些關於什麼是對孩子們最好的奇怪新觀念，覺得是能買到的東西，而不是可以發現的東西。
C)這一現象在其他地方也得到了證實。美國人做了一項調查：關於家庭住房條件的改善對患多動症的孩子的影響。【52】調查發現，住在自然風光視野更開闊的房子裡的患兒改善了19%，而那些住在物質條件得到同等改善，但沒有魅力的自然風景的房於裡的患兒僅改善了4%。
D)【46】瑞典的一項研究顯示， 在自然環境中玩要的幼兒園小朋友比在只習慣在正規運動場玩耍的小朋友少患病，身依也更健康。美國的一項研究也表明，如果學校讓孩子們接觸自然環境，整個學校的學術水平也會上一個新臺階。
E)另一項研究發現，孩子們在自然環境中玩耍，其表現也不盡相同。在運動場上，孩子們會因體能的差異而形成一種等級秩序，身體結實的占主導地位。但是，如果在一片種了幾叢灌木的綠草坪上，孩子們的玩耍更多的則和想象力有關，他們的等級秩序建立在想象力和創造力上。
F)【53】大多數恃強凌弱的現象發生在有柏油碎石運動場的學校，在鼓勵孩子探索的自然環境中則很少發生。這讓我想起了在Streatham的 Sunnyhill學校裡的不愉快的經歷，學校裡有粗糙的柏油碎石路，我常常躲在角落裡幻想著外邊的野生動植物。但是，因為健康和安全的原因，擔心孩子們會把自己弄髒或讓自己受傷，他們往往被阻止去接觸自然環境。結果，這樣做反而對他們造成了傷害：不是身體上受傷，而是心靈上受傷。
G)現代兒童所面臨的最重大的問題之一是多動症。越來越多的孩子已開始接受貴重的藥物治療。【48】但是。眾多研究表明，與自然接觸對患有多動症的孩子最有益。 雖然如此，我們還是把錢花在了藥物上，而非綠色的生活空間上.
H)【49】如果老年人有接觸大自然的機會， 他們的生活狀況會明顯改善不少。隨著老年人的增多，我們應該更多地關注他們的生活質量，雨不是生命年限。眾多研究發現，花園是提高老年人生活質量唯一最重要的因素。
I) 有證據顯示，在更加廣闊、更困難的地區生活時，自然環境能改善一切事物。甚至在與自然界接觸時，和犯罪和攻擊行為有關的問題也減少了。英國皇家鳥類保護協會的研究員William Bird博士在他的研究中有這樣的陳述：【51】“自然環境能減少暴力行為，因為其恢復過程有助於減少憤怒和衝動。”為此，不管有多大作用，我們都應該多鼓勵人們去野外走走。
J) 我們傾向於把自然環境保護看作是人類賞給大自然的一種恩賜。l551但是，從深層次來理解，這種觀念是不正確的：不僅人類本身就很需要大自然， 而且這種把人類與自然界割裂矛來的觀念是毀滅性的。人類是一種哺乳動物。700萬年來，作為大自然的一部分，他們生活在這個星球上。人類天生眷戀著大自然，也渴望與身邊的其他種類的生命接觸。喜歡逗狗，撫摸小貓，坐樹下喝一品脫啤酒，送人花束或接受花束，以及在天氣好的時候去公園散步的朋友應該很清楚這一點。我們需要大自然，因為它對我們的快樂、健康和幸福至關重要。沒有大自然，我們的文明只能倒退而無法前進。沒有其他生物圍繞在我們周圍，我們也不能被稱為人類。
K)【54】五種與大自然和諧相處的方法
散步：打破長久呆在屋簷下的節奏。提前一站下車，吃午餐時繞公園走一圈，讓孩子徒步上下學，養狗，在流動的空氣中放鬆自己，觀察，傾聽和吸收。
靜坐：經常花些時間去露天場所坐一會兒。可以是花園，可以是辦公室之外的其他地方，可以是住所外面的其他地方，總之，是遠離自己日常工作生活的地方。坐在樹下，看看水面，感覺神清氣爽，如此也略微恢復了精神。
喝酒：享受大自然最好的方式是一個人欣賞，其次是找個人陪同。和好朋友在外面喝一杯，好好聚一次：談天論地，以陽光和風中的鳥聲做伴。
學習：擴大你的知識面。瞭解五種鳥類，五種蝴蝶，五種樹木和五類鳥聲。通過這種方式，你看多、聽多了之後，心靈也會漸漸對生活中更多的自然現象作出反應。
旅行：去你一直想去的地方：海邊，鄉下或小山坡。週末可以抽一天去那裡，為觀風景，為走那條林間小道，為聽鳥兒的歡聲笑語，為看成群的蜜蜂。去一個特殊的地方，帶特別的東西回來。畢竟，它會持續很久。
study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.瑞典的研究說明更多接觸大自然讓孩子更可能少生病。
【解析】 D)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞a study in Sweden定位至D)段首句。瑞典的.一項研究顯示，在自然環境中玩耍的幼兒園小朋友比在只習慣在正規運動場玩耍的小朋友少患病，身體也更健康。
author’S profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.作者深信人們本能地會通過各種方式尋找大自然。
【解析】A)。細節題。根據句中的“the author’s profound belief"可定位至文章A)段末句。作者深信人類不僅需要大自然，而且都在尋覓著大自然。
can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.給多動症兒童提供更多綠色的生活空間會對他們大有幫助。
【解析】 G)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞children with ADHD和green spaces可定位至G)段倒數兩句。但是，眾多研究表明，與自然接觸對患有多動症的孩子最有益。雖然如此，我們還是把錢花在了藥物上，而非綠色的生活空間上。
rly people will enjoy a life of beber quality when they contact more with nature.老年人多接觸自然可享受優質生活。
【解析】 H)。歸納題。根據句中關鍵詞elderly people可定位至H)段。“如果老年人有接觸大自然的機會，他們的生活狀況會明顯改善不少。隨著老年人的增多，我們應該更多地關注他們的生活質量，而不是生命年限。眾多研究發現，花園是提高老年人生活質量唯一最重要的因素。”句中是對此段的簡要歸納。
days，people think things that can be bought are best for children，rather than things that Can be found.如今，人們覺得可以買到的東西對孩子最好，而不是可以發現的東西。
【解析】B)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞things that Can be bough found和best for children可定位至B)段末句。還有一些關於什麼是對孩子們最好的奇怪新觀念，覺得是能買到的東西，而不是可以發現的東西。
iam Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of iam Bird博士在研究中提到接近大自然有助於減少暴力行為。
【解析】 I)。細節題。由句中的iam Bird定位至I)段倒數第二句。他在研究中提出這樣的觀點：自然環境能減少暴力行為，因為其恢復過程有助於減少憤怒和衝動。
rding to a study in the dren with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showedmuch beRer improvement.
美國一項研究顯示：住在自然風光視野更開闊的房子裡的多動症兒童進步幅度更大。
【解析】 C)。推理題。根據句中關鍵詞a study in the U.S.定位至C)段。該段指出調查發現，住在自然風光視野更開闊的房子裡的患兒改善了19%，而那些住在物質條件得到同等改善，但沒有美麗的自然風景的房子裡的患兒僅改善了4%。由此可以推演出：住在自然風光視野更開闊的房子裡的多動症兒童進步幅度更大。
dren who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.
有機會探索自然界的孩子不太可能恃強凌弱。
【解析】 F)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞explore natural areas定位至F)段首句。大多數恃強凌弱的現象發生在有柏油碎石運動場的學校，在鼓勵孩子探索的自然環境中則很少發生。
can find harmony with the natural world in various ways，among which there are walking，sitting，drinking，learning andtravelin9.與自然和諧相處方式多多，比如：散步、靜坐、暢飲、學習和旅行。
【解析】 K)。歸納題。根據句中關鍵詞find harmony with the natural world可定位至K)段末段。該段列舉與自然和諧相處的方式，而句中是對整段的概括。
is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.
人類和自然世界可以分離，這種想法是非常有害的。
【解析】 J)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞humanity and the natural和separated定位至J)段第二句。原句為“but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damagin9”(而這種把人類與自然界割裂開來的觀念是毀滅性的。)
